Abstract
Genes necessary for the expression and phase variation of lipopolysaccharide epitopes of a virulent Haemophilus influenzae type b isolate (RM.7004) are contained within two chromosomal loci designated lic-1 and lic-2. Mutations were introduced into both lic-1 and lic-2, and the virulence of the double mutant was compared with that of the wild type in infant rats. These mutations in RM.7004 resulted in a significantly reduced incidence of bacteremia following intranasal inoculation, although nasopharyngeal colonization was similar for the mutant and wild-type strains. In contrast, no differences in bacteremia were observed when the mutant and wild-type strains were inoculated intraperitoneally.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Danner D. B., Pifer M. L. Plasmid cloning vectors resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline which can replicate in both E. coli and Haemophilus cells. Gene. 1982 Apr;18(1):101–105. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90062-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flesher A. R., Insel R. A. Characterization of lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. J Infect Dis. 1978 Dec;138(6):719–730. doi: 10.1093/infdis/138.6.719. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gulig P. A., Hansen E. J. Coprecipitation of lipopolysaccharide and the 39,000-molecular-weight major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b by lipopolysaccharide-directed monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun. 1985 Sep;49(3):819–827. doi: 10.1128/iai.49.3.819-827.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gulig P. A., Patrick C. C., Hermanstorfer L., McCracken G. H., Jr, Hansen E. J. Conservation of epitopes in the oligosaccharide portion of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Infect Immun. 1987 Mar;55(3):513–520. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.3.513-520.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herriott R. M., Meyer E. M., Vogt M. Defined nongrowth media for stage II development of competence in Haemophilus influenzae. J Bacteriol. 1970 Feb;101(2):517–524. doi: 10.1128/jb.101.2.517-524.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inzana T. J. Electrophoretic heterogeneity and interstrain variation of the lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. J Infect Dis. 1983 Sep;148(3):492–499. doi: 10.1093/infdis/148.3.492. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kimura A., Hansen E. J. Antigenic and phenotypic variations of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipopolysaccharide and their relationship to virulence. Infect Immun. 1986 Jan;51(1):69–79. doi: 10.1128/iai.51.1.69-79.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kimura A., Patrick C. C., Miller E. E., Cope L. D., McCracken G. H., Jr, Hansen E. J. Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide: stability of expression and association with virulence. Infect Immun. 1987 Sep;55(9):1979–1986. doi: 10.1128/iai.55.9.1979-1986.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kroll J. S., Moxon E. R. Capsulation and gene copy number at the cap locus of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Bacteriol. 1988 Feb;170(2):859–864. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.2.859-864.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moxon E. R., Smith A. L., Averill D. R., Smith D. H. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in infant rats after intranasal inoculation. J Infect Dis. 1974 Feb;129(2):154–162. doi: 10.1093/infdis/129.2.154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moxon E. R., Vaughn K. A. The type b capsular polysaccharide as a virulence determinant of Haemophilus influenzae: studies using clinical isolates and laboratory transformants. J Infect Dis. 1981 Apr;143(4):517–524. doi: 10.1093/infdis/143.4.517. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oka A., Sugisaki H., Takanami M. Nucleotide sequence of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn903. J Mol Biol. 1981 Apr 5;147(2):217–226. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90438-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith A. L., Smith D. H., Averill D. R., Jr, Marino J., Moxon E. R. Production of Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis in infant rats by intraperitoneal inoculation. Infect Immun. 1973 Aug;8(2):278–290. doi: 10.1128/iai.8.2.278-290.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tolan R. W., Jr, Munson R. S., Jr, Granoff D. M. Lipopolysaccharide gel profiles of Haemophilus influenzae type b are not stable epidemiologic markers. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Aug;24(2):223–227. doi: 10.1128/jcm.24.2.223-227.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiser J. N., Lindberg A. A., Manning E. J., Hansen E. J., Moxon E. R. Identification of a chromosomal locus for expression of lipopolysaccharide epitopes in Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun. 1989 Oct;57(10):3045–3052. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.10.3045-3052.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiser J. N., Love J. M., Moxon E. R. The molecular mechanism of phase variation of H. influenzae lipopolysaccharide. Cell. 1989 Nov 17;59(4):657–665. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90011-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiser J. N., Maskell D. J., Butler P. D., Lindberg A. A., Moxon E. R. Characterization of repetitive sequences controlling phase variation of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3304–3309. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.6.3304-3309.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zwahlen A., Rubin L. G., Connelly C. J., Inzana T. J., Moxon E. R. Alteration of the cell wall of Haemophilus influenzae type b by transformation with cloned DNA: association with attenuated virulence. J Infect Dis. 1985 Sep;152(3):485–492. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.3.485. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zwahlen A., Rubin L. G., Moxon E. R. Contribution of lipopolysaccharide to pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae: comparative virulence of genetically-related strains in rats. Microb Pathog. 1986 Oct;1(5):465–473. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90008-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Alphen L., Riemens T., Poolman J., Hopman C., Zanen H. C. Homogeneity of cell envelope protein subtypes, lipopolysaccharide serotypes, and biotypes among Haemophilus influenzae type b from patients with meningitis in The Netherlands. J Infect Dis. 1983 Jul;148(1):75–81. doi: 10.1093/infdis/148.1.75. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]