Skip to main content
EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology logoLink to EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
. 2007 Apr 12;2007(1):51947. doi: 10.1155/2007/51947

Inferring Time-Varying Network Topologies from Gene Expression Data

Arvind Rao 1,2,, Alfred O Hero III 1,2, David J States 2,3, James Douglas Engel 4
PMCID: PMC3171343  PMID: 18309363

Abstract

Most current methods for gene regulatory network identification lead to the inference of steady-state networks, that is, networks prevalent over all times, a hypothesis which has been challenged. There has been a need to infer and represent networks in a dynamic, that is, time-varying fashion, in order to account for different cellular states affecting the interactions amongst genes. In this work, we present an approach, regime-SSM, to understand gene regulatory networks within such a dynamic setting. The approach uses a clustering method based on these underlying dynamics, followed by system identification using a state-space model for each learnt cluster—to infer a network adjacency matrix. We finally indicate our results on the mouse embryonic kidney dataset as well as the T-cell activation-based expression dataset and demonstrate conformity with reported experimental evidence.

[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]

Contributor Information

Arvind Rao, Email: ukarvind@umich.edu.

Alfred O Hero, III, Email: hero@umich.edu.

David J States, Email: dstates@umich.edu.

James Douglas Engel, Email: engel@umich.edu.

References

  1. Rangel C, Angus J, Ghahramani Z. et al. Modeling T-cell activation using gene expression profiling and state-space models. Bioinformatics. 2004;20(9):1361–1372. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Perrin B-E, Ralaivola L, Mazurie A, Bottani S, Mallet J, D'Alché-Buc F. Gene networks inference using dynamic Bayesian networks. Bioinformatics. 2003;19(2):II138–II148. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg1071. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Luscombe NM, Babu MM, Yu H, Snyder M, Teichmann SA, Gerstein M. Genomic analysis of regulatory network dynamics reveals large topological changes. Nature. 2004;431(7006):308–312. doi: 10.1038/nature02782. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Sontag E, Kiyatkin A, Kholodenko BN. Inferring dynamic architecture of cellular networks using time series of gene expression, protein and metabolite data. Bioinformatics. 2004;20(12):1877–1886. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth173. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kim S, Li H, Russ D, Context-sensitive probabilistic Boolean networks to mimic biological regulation. Proceedings of Oncogenomics, Phoenix, Ariz, USA, January-February 2003.
  6. Li H, Wood CL, Liu Y, Getchell TV, Getchell ML, Stromberg AJ. Identification of gene expression patterns using planned linear contrasts. BMC Bioinformatics. 2006;7:245. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Figueiredo MAT, Jain AK. Unsupervised learning of finite mixture models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 2002;24(3):381–396. doi: 10.1109/34.990138. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  8. Stuart RO, Bush KT, Nigam SK. Changes in gene expression patterns in the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme in models of kidney development. Kidney International. 2003;64(6):1997–2008. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00383.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Khandekar M, Suzuki N, Lewton J, Yamamoto M, Engel JD. Multiple, distant Gata2 enhancers specify temporally and tissue-specific patterning in the developing urogenital system. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2004;24(23):10263–10276. doi: 10.1128/MCB.24.23.10263-10276.2004. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Golyandina N, Nekrutkin V, Zhigljavsky A. Analysis of Time Series Structure—SSA and Related Techniques. Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York, NY, USA; 2001. [Google Scholar]
  11. Moskvina V, Zhigljavsky A. An algorithm based on singular spectrum analysis for change-point detection. Communications in Statistics Part B: Simulation and Computation. 2003;32(2):319–352. doi: 10.1081/SAC-120017494. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  12. Schwab K, Patterson LT, Aronow BJ, Luckas R, Liang H-C, Potter SS. A catalogue of gene expression in the developing kidney. Kidney International. 2003;64(5):1588–1604. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00276.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Zhou Y, Lim K-C, Onodera K. et al. Rescue of the embryonic lethal hematopoietic defect reveals a critical role for GATA-2 in urogenital development. The EMBO Journal. 1998;17(22):6689–6700. doi: 10.1093/emboj/17.22.6689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Challen GA, Martinez G, Davis MJ. et al. Identifying the molecular phenotype of renal progenitor cells. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2004;15(9):2344–2357. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000136779.17837.8F. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. NCBI Pubmed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
  16. Zadeh HH, Tanavoli S, Haines DD, Kreutzer DL. Despite large-scale T cell activation, only a minor subset of T cells responding in vitro to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans differentiate into effector T cells. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2000;35(3):127–136. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2000.035003127.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ghahramani Z, Hinton GE. Parameter estimation for linear dynamical systems. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 1996. [Google Scholar]
  18. Shumway RH, Stoffer DS. Time Series Analysis and Applications, Springer Texts in Statistics. Springer, New York, NY, USA; 2000. [Google Scholar]
  19. Effron B. An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York, NY, USA; 1993. [Google Scholar]
  20. Dougherty ER, Kim S, Chen Y. Coefficient of determination in nonlinear signal processing. Signal Processing. 2000;80(10):2219–2235. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1684(00)00079-7. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kim S, Dougherty ER, Bittner ML. et al. General nonlinear framework for the analysis of gene interaction via multivariate expression arrays. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2000;5(4):411–424. doi: 10.1117/1.1289142. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Opgen-Rhein R, Strimmer K. Using regularized dynamic correlation to infer gene dependency networks from time-series microarray data. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Computational Systems Biology (WCSB '06), Tampere, Finland, June 2006.
  23. Hero AO III, Fleury G, Mears AJ, Swaroop A. Multicriteria gene screening for analysis of differential expression with DNA microarrays. EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing. 2004;2004(1):43–52. doi: 10.1155/S1110865704310036. special issue on genomic signal processing. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  24. Bar-Joseph Z. Analyzing time series gene expression data. Bioinformatics. 2004;20(16):2493–2503. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth283. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kundaje A, Antar O, Jebara T, Leslie C. Learning regulatory networks from sparsely sampled time series expression data. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 2002. [Google Scholar]
  26. Balmer JE, Blomhoff R. Gene expression regulation by retinoic acid. Journal of Lipid Research. 2002;43(11):1773–1808. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R100015-JLR200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Esquela AF, Lee SE-J. Regulation of metanephric kidney development by growth/differentiation factor 11. Developmental Biology. 2003;257(2):356–370. doi: 10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00100-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Maeshima A, Yamashita S, Maeshima K, Kojima I, Nojima Y. Activin a produced by ureteric bud is a differentiation factor for metanephric mesenchyme. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2003;14(6):1523–1534. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000067419.86611.21. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Mori M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P, Mark M. Systematic immunolocalization of retinoid receptors in developing and adult mouse eyes. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2001;42(6):1312–1318. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Lim K-C, Lakshmanan G, Crawford SE, Gu Y, Grosveld F, Engel JD. Gata3 loss leads to embryonic lethality due to noradrenaline deficiency of the sympathetic nervous system. Nature Genetics. 2000;25(2):209–212. doi: 10.1038/76080. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Mizutani H, May LT, Sehgal PB, Kupper TS. Synergistic interactions of IL-1 and IL-6 in T cell activation. Mitogen but not antigen receptor-induced proliferation of a cloned T helper cell line is enhanced by exogenous IL-6. Journal of Immunology. 1989;143(3):896–901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Lin J-X, Leonard WJ. The immediate-early gene product Egr-1 regulates the human interleukin- 2 receptor Inline graphic-chain promoter through noncanonical Egr and Sp1 binding sites. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1997;17(7):3714–3722. doi: 10.1128/mcb.17.7.3714. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Herrgård MJ, Covert MW, Palsson BØ. Reconciling gene expression data with known genome-scale regulatory network structures. Genome Research. 2003;13(11):2423–2434. doi: 10.1101/gr.1330003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Li C, Wong WH. Model-based analysis of oligonucleotide arrays: expression index computation and outlier detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001;98(1):31–36. doi: 10.1073/pnas.011404098. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Schäfer J, Strimmer K. An empirical Bayes approach to inferring large-scale gene association networks. Bioinformatics. 2005;21(6):754–764. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti062. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rao A, Hero AO, III, States DJ, Engel JD. Inference of biologically relevant gene influence networks using the directed information criterion. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP '06), Toulouse, France, May 2006. pp. 1028–1031.

Articles from EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES