Fig. 4.

Image of child with obvious visual signs of intestinal schistosomiasis (A) but likely also has more cryptic bowel pathology which is often not noticed without investigative surgery. To illustrate, in animal models the pathology of the bowel from schistosome granulomas can be extreme as seen in (B) or more so when the intestine is removed (C), the black arrow denotes approximately the same part of the bowel. Not only do such lesions likely lead to malabsorption but also lack of peristalsis. Infection in infancy and early childhood likely leads to development of serious disease even before adolescence.