Figure 2.

Pleiotropic activities of the regulatory protein HBx. Here we depict a large array of HBx functions that may be relevant for cellular transformation, such as stimulation of virus replication, cell cycle deregulation, activation of signaling pathways, induction/repression of apoptosis and interference with DNA repair. Most of these functions are achieved through the transcriptional transactivation activity of HBx or by interactions with cellular partners in both cell cytoplasm and nucleus (shown as a grey ellipse).