Abstract
We have isolated cDNA clones complementary to a c-Ki-ras cellular oncogene that is amplified in Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, with the amplified sequences located on double-minute chromatin bodies (DMs) and homogeneously staining chromosomal regions (HSRs). Characterization of the cDNAs included the isolation of corresponding genomic clones, Northern blot analysis of RNA, and DNA sequence analysis. Our studies demonstrate that the c-Ki-ras gene amplified in the Y1 cells is homologous to the human c-Ki-ras2 gene. We have also obtained evidence that, in addition to c-Ki-ras, at least one other transcription unit has been amplified in the mouse adrenal tumor cells. Moreover, by Southern blot analysis of Chinese hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids, we have determined that the amplified DNA sequences associated with DMs and HSRs, including the c-Ki-ras gene, are present in normal mouse cells on chromosome 6.
Full text
PDF












Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Alitalo K., Schwab M., Lin C. C., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Homogeneously staining chromosomal regions contain amplified copies of an abundantly expressed cellular oncogene (c-myc) in malignant neuroendocrine cells from a human colon carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(6):1707–1711. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.6.1707. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berger F. G., Gross K. W., Watson G. Isolation and characterization of a DNA sequence complementary to an androgen-inducible messenger RNA from mouse kidney. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jul 10;256(13):7006–7013. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop J. M. Cellular oncogenes and retroviruses. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:301–354. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.001505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Capon D. J., Seeburg P. H., McGrath J. P., Hayflick J. S., Edman U., Levinson A. D., Goeddel D. V. Activation of Ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):507–513. doi: 10.1038/304507a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chattopadhyay S. K., Chang E. H., Lander M. R., Ellis R. W., Scolnick E. M., Lowy D. R. Amplification and rearrangement of onc genes in mammalian species. Nature. 1982 Mar 25;296(5855):361–363. doi: 10.1038/296361a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Der C. J., Krontiris T. G., Cooper G. M. Transforming genes of human bladder and lung carcinoma cell lines are homologous to the ras genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(11):3637–3640. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.11.3637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duesberg P. H. Retroviral transforming genes in normal cells? Nature. 1983 Jul 21;304(5923):219–226. doi: 10.1038/304219a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellis R. W., DeFeo D., Furth M. E., Scolnick E. M. Mouse cells contain two distinct ras gene mRNA species that can be translated into a p21 onc protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;2(11):1339–1345. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.11.1339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellis R. W., Defeo D., Shih T. Y., Gonda M. A., Young H. A., Tsuchida N., Lowy D. R., Scolnick E. M. The p21 src genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses originate from divergent members of a family of normal vertebrate genes. Nature. 1981 Aug 6;292(5823):506–511. doi: 10.1038/292506a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Francke U., Lalley P. A., Moss W., Ivy J., Minna J. D. Gene mapping in Mus musculus by interspecific cell hybridization: assignment of the genes for tripeptidase-1 to chromosome 10, dipeptidase-2 to chromosome 18, acid phosphatase-1 to chromosome 12, and adenylate kinase-1 to chromosome 2. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1977;19(2-3):57–84. doi: 10.1159/000130799. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Francke U., Taggart R. T. Assignment of the gene for cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (Sod-1) to a region of chromosome 16 and of Hprt to a region of the X chromosome in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5230–5233. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5230. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- George D. L., Francke U. Homogeneously staining chromosome regions and double minutes in a mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1980;28(4):217–226. doi: 10.1159/000131535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- George D. L., Powers V. E. Amplified DNA sequences in Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells: association with double minutes and localization to a homogeneously staining chromosomal region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(5):1597–1601. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.5.1597. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- George D. L., Powers V. E. Cloning of DNA from double minutes of Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells: evidence for gene amplification. Cell. 1981 Apr;24(1):117–123. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90507-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lacy E., Hardison R. C., Quon D., Maniatis T. The linkage arrangement of four rabbit beta-like globin genes. Cell. 1979 Dec;18(4):1273–1283. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90238-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu C. P., Slate D. L., Gravel R., Ruddle F. H. Biological detection of specific mRNA molecules by microinjection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4503–4506. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mandel M., Higa A. Calcium-dependent bacteriophage DNA infection. J Mol Biol. 1970 Oct 14;53(1):159–162. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90051-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCoy M. S., Toole J. J., Cunningham J. M., Chang E. H., Lowy D. R., Weinberg R. A. Characterization of a human colon/lung carcinoma oncogene. Nature. 1983 Mar 3;302(5903):79–81. doi: 10.1038/302079a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGrath J. P., Capon D. J., Smith D. H., Chen E. Y., Seeburg P. H., Goeddel D. V., Levinson A. D. Structure and organization of the human Ki-ras proto-oncogene and a related processed pseudogene. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):501–506. doi: 10.1038/304501a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J., Vieira J. A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):269–276. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90016-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Brien S. J., Nash W. G., Goodwin J. L., Lowy D. R., Chang E. H. Dispersion of the ras family of transforming genes to four different chromosomes in man. Nature. 1983 Apr 28;302(5911):839–842. doi: 10.1038/302839a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Proudfoot N. J., Brownlee G. G. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211–214. doi: 10.1038/263211a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pulciani S., Santos E., Lauver A. V., Long L. K., Aaronson S. A., Barbacid M. Oncogenes in solid human tumours. Nature. 1982 Dec 9;300(5892):539–542. doi: 10.1038/300539a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rave N., Crkvenjakov R., Boedtker H. Identification of procollagen mRNAs transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper from formaldehyde agarose gels. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Aug 10;6(11):3559–3567. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.11.3559. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roychoudhury R., Jay E., Wu R. Terminal labeling and addition of homopolymer tracts to duplex DNA fragments by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1976 Jan;3(1):101–116. doi: 10.1093/nar/3.1.101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sakaguchi A. Y., Naylor S. L., Shows T. B., Toole J. J., McCoy M., Weinberg R. A. Human c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene on chromosome 12. Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1081–1083. doi: 10.1126/science.6823569. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwab M., Alitalo K., Klempnauer K. H., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Gilbert F., Brodeur G., Goldstein M., Trent J. Amplified DNA with limited homology to myc cellular oncogene is shared by human neuroblastoma cell lines and a neuroblastoma tumour. Nature. 1983 Sep 15;305(5931):245–248. doi: 10.1038/305245a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwab M., Alitalo K., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., George D. A cellular oncogene (c-Ki-ras) is amplified, overexpressed, and located within karyotypic abnormalities in mouse adrenocortical tumour cells. Nature. 1983 Jun 9;303(5917):497–501. doi: 10.1038/303497a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimizu K., Birnbaum D., Ruley M. A., Fasano O., Suard Y., Edlund L., Taparowsky E., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):497–500. doi: 10.1038/304497a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimizu K., Birnbaum D., Ruley M. A., Fasano O., Suard Y., Edlund L., Taparowsky E., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):497–500. doi: 10.1038/304497a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tsuchida N., Ryder T., Ohtsubo E. Nucleotide sequence of the oncogene encoding the p21 transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):937–939. doi: 10.1126/science.6287573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Martinville B., Cunningham J. M., Murray M. J., Francke U. The N-ras oncogene assigned to the short arm of human chromosome 1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Aug 11;11(15):5267–5275. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.15.5267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]