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. 1981 Jan;78(1):283–287. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.283

Phytochrome induces photoreversible calcium fluxes in a purified mitochondrial fraction from oats

Stanley J Roux *, Kerry McEntire *, Robert D Slocum *, Thomas E Cedel †, Calvin C Hale II ‡
PMCID: PMC319037  PMID: 16592951

Abstract

Previous studies have indicated that phytochrome regulates Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane of plant cells. In this study we investigated whether phytochrome can also regulate such fluxes across mitochondrial membranes, using the Ca2+-sensitive dye murexide to monitor the uptake and release of Ca2+ by mitochondria. The results showed that Ca2+ fluxes in these organelles could be photoreversibly altered, red light diminishing the net uptake rate and far-red light restoring this rate to its dark control level. Treatment of the mitochondria with ruthenium red blocked their Ca2+ uptake. In the presence of this inhibitor, red light induced a net efflux of Ca2+ from the mitochondria, and subsequent far-red light reduced this efflux to nearly zero, the dark control level. Light-induced rate changes in Ca2+ flux, both with and without the inhibitor, persisted for several minutes in the dark and remained photoreversible through several irradiations for as long as 30 min. The purity of the mitochondrial preparation was judged to be about 80% by electron microscopic morphometry; most of the phytochrome present was localized on the mitochondria in the preparation by using immunocytochemical methods. Taken together with previous findings, the results suggest that red light activation of phytochrome would initiate an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The results are integrated with the fact that calmodulin is a component of plant cell cytoplasms to construct a model postulating that phytochrome directs photomorphogenesis in part through its regulation of Ca2+ and calmodulin-controlled enzyme activities.

Keywords: murexide, ruthenium red, ferritin IgG, immunocytochemical localization, calmodulin

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Selected References

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