Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1981 Aug;78(8):5197–5201. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.8.5197

High molecular weight peptide with corticotropin-releasing factor activity from porcine hypothalami.

A V Schally, R C Chang, A Arimura, T W Redding, J B Fishback, S Vigh
PMCID: PMC320372  PMID: 6975479

Abstract

The presence of a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) behaving as a peptide with a molecular weight of about 5000 was established after purification of porcine hypothalamic extracts by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and then on Sephadex G-50. Purified CRF stimulated the release of corticotropin (ACTH) in three in vitro systems: isolated rat pituitary quarters, monolayer cultures of dispersed pituitary cells, and superfused pituitary cells on a column. A linear logarithmic dose-response relationship existed between 50 and 200 micrograms of CRF preparations per ml and the total amount of ACTH released by the superfused pituitary cells. The pituitary ACTH response to CRF in the pituitary quarters system was also approximately linearly related to the logarithm of the dose of CRF. CRF also stimulated in vivo release of ACTH in rats pretreated with chlorpromazine, morphine, and Nembutal. CRF activity was labile to digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin and was partially destroyed by pepsin. The evidence indicates that CRF of porcine origin is a polypeptide of a higher molecular weight than previously assumed.

Full text

PDF
5197

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arimura A., Saito T., Schally A. V. Assays for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) using rats treated with morphine, chlorpromazine, dexamethasone and Nembutal. Endocrinology. 1967 Aug;81(2):235–245. doi: 10.1210/endo-81-2-235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arimura A., Schally A. V., Bowers C. Y. Corticotropin releasing activity of lysine vasopressin analogues. Endocrinology. 1969 Mar;84(3):579–583. doi: 10.1210/endo-84-3-579. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chang R. C., Huang W. Y., Arimura A., Redding T. W., Coy D. H., Saffran M., Kong A., Hamilton J. W., Cohn D. V., Schally A. V. Isolation, structure and synthesis of a heptapeptide with in vitro ACTH-releasing activity from porcine hypothalamus. Horm Metab Res. 1981 Apr;13(4):228–232. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1019228. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cooper D. M., Synetos D., Christie R. B., Schulster D. Studies on the nature of corticotrophin releasing hormone and its partial purification from porcine hypothalami. J Endocrinol. 1976 Oct;71(1):171–172. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0710171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Fleischer N., Vale W. Inhibition of vasopressin-induced ACTH release from the pituitary by glucocorticoids in vitro. Endocrinology. 1968 Dec;83(6):1232–1236. doi: 10.1210/endo-83-6-1232. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. GUILLEMIN R., ROSENBERG B. Humoral hypothalamic control of anterior pituitary: a study with combined tissue cultures. Endocrinology. 1955 Nov;57(5):599–607. doi: 10.1210/endo-57-5-599. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. GUILLEMIN R., SCHALLY A. V., LIPSCOMB H. S., ANDERSEN R. N., LONG J. M. On the presence in hog hypothalamus of 3-corticotropin releasing factor, alpha- and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormones, adrenocorticotropin, lysine-vasopressin and oxytocin. Endocrinology. 1962 Apr;70:471–477. doi: 10.1210/endo-70-4-471. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gomez-Sanchez C., Murry B. A., Kem D. C., Kaplan N. M. A direct radioimmunoassay of corticosterone in rat serum. Endocrinology. 1975 Mar;96(3):796–798. doi: 10.1210/endo-96-3-796. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jones M. T., Gillham B., Hillhouse E. W. The nature of corticotropin releasing factor from rat hypothalamus in vitro. Fed Proc. 1977 Jul;36(8):2104–2109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Krieger D. T., Liotta A. S. Pituitary hormones in brain: where, how, and why? Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):366–372. doi: 10.1126/science.221983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mulder G. H., Smelik P. G. A superfusion system technique for the study of the sites of action of glucocorticoids in the rat hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in vitro. I. Pituitary cell superfusion. Endocrinology. 1977 Apr;100(4):1142–1152. doi: 10.1210/endo-100-4-1143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Pearlmutter A. F., Rapino E., Saffran M. The ACTH-releasing hormone of the hypothalamus requires a co-factor. Endocrinology. 1975 Nov;97(5):1336–1339. doi: 10.1210/endo-97-5-1336. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. SAFFRAN M., SCHALLY A. V. The release of corticotrophin by anterior pituitary tissue in vitro. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1955 May;33(3):408–415. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. SCHALLY A. V., LIPSCOMB H. S., LONG J. M., DEAR W. E., GUILLEMIN R. Chromatography and hormonal activities of dog hypothalamus. Endocrinology. 1962 Apr;70:478–480. doi: 10.1210/endo-70-4-478. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schally A. V., Arimura A., Bowers C. Y., Kastin A. J., Sawano S., Reeding T. W. Hypothalamic neurohormones regulating anterior pituitary function. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1968;24:497–588. doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9827-9.50016-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schally A. V., Coy D. H., Meyers C. A. Hypothalamic regulatory hormones. Annu Rev Biochem. 1978;47:89–128. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.47.070178.000513. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schally A. V., Dupont A., Arimura A., Redding T. W., Nishi N., Linthicum G. L., Schlesinger D. H. Isolation and structure of somatostatin from porcine hypothalami. Biochemistry. 1976 Feb 10;15(3):509–514. doi: 10.1021/bi00648a009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schally A. V., Huang W. Y., Chang R. C., Arimura A., Redding T. W., Millar R. P., Hunkapiller M. W., Hood L. E. Isolation and structure of pro-somatostatin: a putative somatostatin precursor from pig hypothalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4489–4493. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4489. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schally A. V., Huang W. Y., Redding T. W., Arimura A., Coy D. H., Chihara K., Chang R. C., Raymond V., Labrie F. Isolation, structural elucidation and synthesis of a tetradecapeptide with in vitro ACTH-releasing activity corresponding to residues 33-46 of the alpha-chain of porcine hemoglobin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 May 30;82(2):582–588. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90914-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schally A. V., Nair R. M., Redding T. W., Arimura A. Isolation of the luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone from porcine hypothalami. J Biol Chem. 1971 Dec 10;246(23):7230–7236. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schally A. V., Redding T. W., Bowers C. Y., Barrett J. F. Isolation and properties of porcine thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Biol Chem. 1969 Aug 10;244(15):4077–4088. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Seelig S., Sayers G. Bovine hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor: chemical and biological characteristics. Fed Proc. 1977 Jul;36(8):2100–2103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Vale W., Grant G., Amoss M., Blackwell R., Guillemin R. Culture of enzymatically dispersed pituitary cells: functional validation of a method. Endocrinology. 1972 Aug;91(2):562–572. doi: 10.1210/endo-91-2-562. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Vale W., River C. Substances modulating the secretion of ACTH by cultured anterior pituitary cells. Fed Proc. 1977 Jul;36(8):2094–2099. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Vale W., Rivier C., Brown M. Regulatory peptides of the hypothalamus. Annu Rev Physiol. 1977;39:473–527. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.39.030177.002353. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Yasuda N., Greer M. A. Studies on the tissue distribution and stability of "big" CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor). Life Sci. 1979 Feb 5;24(6):549–556. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90177-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES