Abstract
A homogeneous preparation of human papillomavirus type 1a (HPV-1a) DNA resisted complete cleavage by the methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease HhaI. Ten fragments additional to those predicted from the known HPV-1a DNA sequence were resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis of the HhaI-cleaved viral DNA. By determining the composite structures of the additional HhaI viral fragments, evidence was found for part-methylation of six of the thirteen HhaI sites. Two of the modified HhaI sites were localized to the 3'-end of the putative early gene region. The other four modified Hha-I sites were situated within the L1 open reading frame of the putative late gene region. Ten successive restriction endonuclease sites occurring close to and within an area of high CG density which surrounds the 5' end of the putative early gene region, were not modified detectably. The possible relevance of DNA methylation to the control of HPV-1a gene expression in epidermal cells is discussed.
Full text
PDF













Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burnett T. S., Gallimore P. H. Establishment of a human keratinocyte cell line carrying complete human papillomavirus type 1 genomes: lack of vegetative viral DNA synthesis upon keratinization. J Gen Virol. 1983 Jul;64(Pt 7):1509–1520. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-64-7-1509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Busslinger M., Hurst J., Flavell R. A. DNA methylation and the regulation of globin gene expression. Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):197–206. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90150-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CRAWFORD L. V., CRAWFORD E. M. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLYOMA AND PAPILLOMA VIRUSES. Virology. 1963 Oct;21:258–263. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(63)90265-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen E. Y., Howley P. M., Levinson A. D., Seeburg P. H. The primary structure and genetic organization of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome. Nature. 1982 Oct 7;299(5883):529–534. doi: 10.1038/299529a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clad A., Gissmann L., Meier B., Freese U. K., Schwarz E. Molecular cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 1a DNA. Virology. 1982 Apr 15;118(1):254–259. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90341-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crawford L. V. A study of human papilloma virus DNA. J Mol Biol. 1965 Sep;13(2):362–372. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80103-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Danos O., Engel L. W., Chen E. Y., Yaniv M., Howley P. M. Comparative analysis of the human type 1a and bovine type 1 papillomavirus genomes. J Virol. 1983 May;46(2):557–566. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.2.557-566.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Danos O., Katinka M., Yaniv M. Human papillomavirus 1a complete DNA sequence: a novel type of genome organization among papovaviridae. EMBO J. 1982;1(2):231–236. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01152.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Danos O., Katinka M., Yaniv M. Molecular cloning, refined physical map and heterogeneity of methylation sites of papilloma virus type 1a DNA. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Aug;109(2):457–461. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04815.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doerfler W. DNA methylation and gene activity. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:93–124. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.000521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Favre M., Orth G., Croissant O., Yaniv M. Human papillomavirus DNA: physical map. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):4810–4814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.4810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Favre M., Orth G., Croissant O., Yaniv M. Human papillomavirus DNA: physical mapping of the cleavage sites of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BamI) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HpaII) endonucleases and evidence for partial heterogeneity. J Virol. 1977 Mar;21(3):1210–1214. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.3.1210-1214.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Favre M. Structural polypeptides of rabbit, bovine, and human papillomaviruses. J Virol. 1975 May;15(5):1239–1247. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.5.1239-1247.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gissmann L., Pfister H., Zur Hausen H. Human papilloma viruses (HPV): characterization of four different isolates. Virology. 1977 Feb;76(2):569–580. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90239-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gissmann L., zur Hausen H. Human papilloma virus DNA: physical mapping and genetic heterogeneity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Apr;73(4):1310–1313. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.4.1310. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heilman C. A., Law M. F., Israel M. A., Howley P. M. Cloning of human papilloma virus genomic DNAs and analysis of homologous polynucleotide sequences. J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):395–407. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.2.395-407.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LaPorta R. F., Taichman L. B. Human papilloma viral DNA replicates as a stable episome in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(11):3393–3397. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.11.3393. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lancaster W. D., Olson C. Animal papillomaviruses. Microbiol Rev. 1982 Jun;46(2):191–207. doi: 10.1128/mr.46.2.191-207.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lowy D. R., Dvoretzky I., Shober R., Law M. F., Engel L., Howley P. M. In vitro tumorigenic transformation by a defined sub-genomic fragment of bovine papilloma virus DNA. Nature. 1980 Sep 4;287(5777):72–74. doi: 10.1038/287072a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McClelland M., Ivarie R. Asymmetrical distribution of CpG in an 'average' mammalian gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Dec 11;10(23):7865–7877. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.23.7865. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morrison J. M., Keir H. M., Subak-Sharpe H., Crawford L. V. Nearest neighbour base sequence analysis of the deoxyribonucleic acids of a further three mammalian viruses: Simian virus 40, human papilloma virus and adenovirus type 2. J Gen Virol. 1967 Jan;1(1):101–108. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-1-1-101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SWARTZ M. N., TRAUTNER T. A., KORNBERG A. Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. XI. Further studies on nearest neighbor base sequences in deoxyribonucleic acids. J Biol Chem. 1962 Jun;237:1961–1967. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwarz E., Dürst M., Demankowski C., Lattermann O., Zech R., Wolfsperger E., Suhai S., zur Hausen H. DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b. EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2341–2348. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01744.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Subak-Sharpe H., Bürk R. R., Crawford L. V., Morrison J. M., Hay J., Keir H. M. An approach to evolutionary relationships of mammalian DNA viruses through analysis of the pattern of nearest neighbor base sequences. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1966;31:737–748. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1966.031.01.094. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wettstein F. O., Stevens J. G. Shope papilloma virus DNA is extensively methylated in non-virus-producing neoplasms. Virology. 1983 Apr 30;126(2):493–504. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(83)80007-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]