Table 1.

Viruses of concern with bovine and human host range.

Virus of concern
Adenoviridae
Bovine adenovirus BAdV-9 = Human adenovirus C [7]
Anelloviridae (proposed family)
Torque teno virus TTV [8]
Bornaviridae
Borna disease virus BDV [9], [10], [11], [12]
Bunyaviridae
Aino virus [13], [14]
Cache valley virus CVV [2]
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus CCHF [15]
Hantaan virus HTNV [16], [17], [18]
Jamestown Canyon virus JCV [19], [20]
LaCrosse virus LACV [19], [21]
Puumala virus [18], [22]
Rift valley fever virus RVFV [23]
Caliciviridae
Norovirus [formerly Norwalk agent] [24], [25]
San Miguel sea lion virus SMSV-5 [26]
Circoviridae
Bovine circovirus BCV = evolved strain of Porcine circovirus type 2 PCV-2 [27], [28]
Coronaviridae
Bovine coronavirus BCoV-1 [29]
Bovine torovirus BtoV [30], [31]
Flaviviridae
Bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV [32], [33]
Japanese encephalitis virus JEV[34]
Kyasanur forest disease virus KFDV [34]
Louping ill virus [34], [35]
Murray Valley encephalitis virus MVE [34]
Saint Louis encephalitis virus SLEV [34], [36]
Tick borne encephalitis virus TBEV[37]
Wesselsbron virus [34]
West Nile virus (including Kunjin) [38]
Hepeviridae
Hepatitis E virus HEV [39], [40], [41]
Herpesviridae
Bovine herpesvirus BHV-4 [MOVAR] [42], [43]
Equine herpesvirus EHV-1 [44], [45]
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus IBR = BHV-1 [46]
Pseudorabies virus PRV [47], [48]
Orthomyxoviridae
Dhori virus [49]
Influenza A virus [50], Avian influenza virus [51]
Thogotovirus THOV [49], [52]
Papillomaviridae
Bovine papilloma virus BPV [53]
Paramyxoviridae
Bovine parainfluenza virus BPIV3 [54], [55]
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus BRSV [56]
Peste-des-petits ruminants virus PPRV [57], [58]
Rinderpest virus RPV [59], [60] (Declared eradicated by the United Nations in 2010)
Parvoviridae
Bovine adeno-associated virus BAAV [61]
Bovine hokovirus BHoV [62]
Picornaviridae
Bovine enterovirus BEV-1, BEV-2 [63]
Bovine kobuvirus BKV-1 U-1 strain [64], [65]
Encephalomyocarditis virus EMC [66], [67]
Foot and mouth disease virus FMDV [68], [69]
Seneca valley virus SVV [70]
Polyomaviridae
Bovine polyomavirus BPyV [71]
Poxviridae
Aracatuba virus [72]
Bovine papular stomatitis virus BPSV [73]
Cantagalo virus [74]
Cowpox virus [15]
Pseudocowpox virus PCPV [75]
Vaccinia virus [76]
Reoviridae
Banna virus BAV [77], [78]
Bluetongue virus BTV [79]
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus EHDV [80], [81]
Liao Ning virus LNV [82]
Reovirus [83], [84]
Rotavirus [65], [85], [86]
Retroviridae
Bovine foamy virus BFV [87]
Bovine leukemia virus BLV [88], [89], [90]
Rhabdoviridae
Bovine ephemeral fever virus BEFV [91]
Rabies virus [92]
Vesicular stomatitis virus VSV [15], [93], [94]
Togaviridae
Eastern equine encephalitis virus EEEV [95], [96]
Getah virus [97], [98]
Ross River virus RRV [97], [99]
Sindbis virus [97]
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus VEE [100], [101]