Table 2.

Associations of duration of breast-feeding and age at introduction of complementary foods with glucose/insulin concentrations at 5 and 9.5 years: Multiple linear regression analysis

	Breast-feeding duration
Glucose/insulin oncentrations	5 Years				9.5 Years
	β (95% CI)	Pb	Pc	Pd	β (95% CI)	Pb	Pc	Pd
Glucose
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	0.01 (−0.02,0.05)	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.002 (−0.02, 0.03)	0.9	0.9	0.9
120 min glucose (mmol/l)	0.08 (0.02,0.15)	0.02	0.04	0.03	−0.06 (−0.13, 0.0003)	0.051	0.02	0.02
Insulin
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)a	−0.06 (−0.11, −0.02)	0.006	0.01	0.03	0.001 (−0.04, 0.04)	0.9	0.7	0.9
30 min insulin (pmol/l)a	−0.04 (−0..10, 0.01)	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	0.4	0.5	0.4
Insulin resistance (IR)a	−0.06 (−0.11, −0.01)	0.01	0.02	0.046	0.001 (−0.04, 0.04)	0.9	0.7	0.9
Insulin increment	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.05)	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	0.6	0.6	0.4
	Age at introduction of complementary foods
Glucose
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.01 (−0.02, 0.05)	0.5	0.5	0.4
120 min glucose (mmol/l)	0.05 (−0.04, 0.14)	0.3	0.2	0.1	−0.01 (−0.09, 0.07)	0.8	0.9	1.0
Insulin
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)a	0.01 (−0.05,0.07)	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.01 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.6	0.4	0.1
30 min insulin (pmol/l)a	0.04 (−0.03, 0.11)	0.3	0.1	0.09	−0.01(−0.08, 0.05)	0.7	0.8	0.5
Insulin resistance (IR)a	0.01 (−0.06, 0.07)	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.5	0.3	0.1
Insulin increment	0.01 (−0.07, 0.09)	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.01 (−0.08, 0.06)	0.8	0.6	0.4

^aLog transformed variable; Regression co-efficient (β) is the effect size per category increase in breast-feeding duration (<3, 3-5, 6-8., 9-11, 12-17 and 18+ months) or age at starting complementary foods (<4, 4, 5, and ≥6 months); P^b adjusted for sex and child’s current age; P^c further adjusted for confounders (socio-economic status, parents’ education, rural/urban residence maternal GDM status and birthweight); P^d further adjusted for child’s current BMI