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. 1986 Apr;83(8):2694–2698. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.8.2694

In vivo-like growth of human tumors in vitro.

A E Freeman, R M Hoffman
PMCID: PMC323366  PMID: 3458228

Abstract

We show that diverse human tumors obtained directly from surgery or biopsy can grow at high frequency in vitro for long periods of time and still maintain many of their in vivo properties. The in vivo properties maintained in vitro include three-dimensional growth; maintenance of tissue organization and structure, including changes associated with oncogenic transformation; retention of differentiated function; tumorigenicity; and the growth of multiple types of cells from a single tumor.

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