Table 2:
Independent predictors of ulcer bleeding identified by Cox regression analysis
| Variable | Adjusted HR* (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Age (per year increase) | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) |
| Male sex | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) |
| Hypertension | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) |
| Diabetes | 1.31 (1.21–1.42) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.14 (1.05–1.24) |
| Heart failure | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) |
| Cirrhosis | 1.86 (1.59–2.18) |
| Medication use | |
| ASA | 1.06 (0.97-–1.16) |
| NSAID | 1.94 (1.76–2.13) |
| Steroid | 1.07 (0.89–1.27) |
| Clopidogrel | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) |
| Ticlopidine | 1.12 (0.84–1.49) |
| Warfarin | 1.11 (0.75–1.67) |
| Renal disease (v. controls) | |
| Patients with chronic kidney disease | 1.95 (1.62–2.35) |
| Patients receiving hemodialysis | 5.24 (4.67–5.86) |
Note: ASA = acetylsalicylic acid, CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio, NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
*
Each variable was adjusted for every other variable listed.