Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1983 Mar 11;11(5):1523–1536. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.5.1523

Characterization of a prokaryotic topoisomerase I activity in chloroplast extracts from spinach.

J Siedlecki, W Zimmermann, A Weissbach
PMCID: PMC325812  PMID: 6298746

Abstract

A topoisomerase I activity has been partially purified from crude extracts of spinach chloroplasts. This activity relaxes the supercoiled covalently closed circular DNA of pBR322. The enzyme requires Mg++, but not ATP, and has an apparent molecular weight of about 115,000. It catalyzes a unit change in the linkage number of supercoiled DNA but cannot relax positive supercoiled DNA. These characteristics of the topoisomerase suggest it is of the prokaryotic type and would tend to support the endosymbiotic theory of plastid origin and evolution.

Full text

PDF
1523

Images in this article

1529Image
on p.1529
1530Image
on p.1530
1531Image
on p.1531
1532Image
on p.1532
1533Image
on p.1533
1534Image
on p.1534

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bauer W. R., Ressner E. C., Kates J., Patzke J. V. A DNA nicking-closing enzyme encapsidated in vaccinia virus: partial purification and properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 May;74(5):1841–1845. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.5.1841. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bogorad L. Evolution of organelles and eukaryotic genomes. Science. 1975 May 30;188(4191):891–898. doi: 10.1126/science.1138359. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Champoux J. J., Dulbecco R. An activity from mammalian cells that untwists superhelical DNA--a possible swivel for DNA replication (polyoma-ethidium bromide-mouse-embryo cells-dye binding assay). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jan;69(1):143–146. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.1.143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dynan W. S., Jendrisak J. J., Hager D. A., Burgess R. R. Purification and characterization of wheat germ DNA topoisomerase I (nicking-closing enzyme). J Biol Chem. 1981 Jun 10;256(11):5860–5865. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fairfield F. R., Bauer W. R., Simpson M. V. Mitochondria contain a distinct DNA topoisomerase. J Biol Chem. 1979 Oct 10;254(19):9352–9354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gellert M. DNA topoisomerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:879–910. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.004311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gellert M., Fisher L. M., O'Dea M. H. DNA gyrase: purification and catalytic properties of a fragment of gyrase B protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6289–6293. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6289. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gillum A. M., Clayton D. A. Displacement-loop replication initiation sequence in animal mitochondrial DNA exists as a family of discrete lengths. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Feb;75(2):677–681. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.2.677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hedberg M. F., Huang Y. S., Hommersand M. H. Size of the Chloroplast Genome in Codium fragile. Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):445–447. doi: 10.1126/science.213.4506.445. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Higgins N. P., Peebles C. L., Sugino A., Cozzarelli N. R. Purification of subunits of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and reconstitution of enzymatic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1773–1777. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Knopf K. W., Yamada M., Weissbach A. HeLa cell DNA polymerase gamma: further purification and properties of the enzyme. Biochemistry. 1976 Oct 5;15(20):4540–4548. doi: 10.1021/bi00665a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Liu L. F., Miller K. G. Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases: two forms of type I DNA topoisomerases from HeLa cell nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3487–3491. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. MARTIN R. G., AMES B. N. A method for determining the sedimentation behavior of enzymes: application to protein mixtures. J Biol Chem. 1961 May;236:1372–1379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Margulis L. Symbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic organelles; criteria for proof. Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1975;(29):21–38. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Morgan A. R., Pulleyblank D. E. Native and denatured DNA, cross-linked and palindromic DNA and circular covalently-closed DNA analysed by a sensitive fluorometric procedure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1974 Nov 27;61(2):396–403. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90970-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Norgard M. V., Emigholz K., Monahan J. J. Increased amplification of pBR322 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in Escherichia coli K-12 strains RR1 and chi1776 grown in the presence of high concentrations of nucleoside. J Bacteriol. 1979 Apr;138(1):270–272. doi: 10.1128/jb.138.1.270-272.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Noy G. P., Weissbach A. HeLa cell DNA polymerases: the effect of cycloheximide in vivo and detection of a new form of DNA polymerase alpha. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Jul 5;477(1):70–83. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(77)90161-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Oka A., Nomura N., Morita M., Sugisaki H., Sugimoto K., Takanami M. Nucleotide sequence of small ColE1 derivatives: structure of the regions essential for autonomous replication and colicin E1 immunity. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 May 4;172(2):151–159. doi: 10.1007/BF00268276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Prell B., Vosberg H. P. Analysis of covalent complexes formed between calf thymus DNA topoisomerase and single-stranded DNA. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jul;108(2):389–398. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04734.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rochaix J. D., Malnoe P. Anatomy of the chloroplast ribosomal DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):661–670. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90034-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sala F., Amileni A. R., Parisi B., Spadari S. A gamma-like DNA polymerase in spinach chloroplasts. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Nov;112(2):211–217. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb07196.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Siedlecki J. A., Zmudzka B. Purification and properties of DNA polymerase gamma from rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. Acta Biochim Pol. 1979;26(4):335–347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Vosberg H. P., Grossman L. I., Vinograd J. Isolation and partial characterisation of the relaxation protein from nuclei of cultured mouse and human cells. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Jun 16;55(1):79–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02140.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wang J. C. Interaction between DNA and an Escherichia coli protein omega. J Mol Biol. 1971 Feb 14;55(3):523–533. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90334-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Zimmermann W., Weissbach A. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated chloroplasts and chloroplast extracts of maize. Biochemistry. 1982 Jul 6;21(14):3334–3343. doi: 10.1021/bi00257a014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES