Abstract
We have isolated two genomic clones containing three B2 high-sulphur keratin genes from a sheep genomic library constructed in Charon 4A. These genes do not contain intervening sequences. Two genes, encoding the B2A and B2D proteins are closely linked in the genome, being separated by 1.9 kb, and are transcribed in the same direction. Although there is extensive sequence conservation in the 5' non-coding and coding regions, the 3' non-coding regions diverge both in length and sequence. Within the 5' non-coding region adjacent to the initiating AUG there is a highly conserved 18 bp sequence which is also present in another gene coding for a member of a different, unrelated high-sulphur keratin family. In the B2A-B2D intergene region, tightly linked to the B2D gene, there is a putative, divergently transcribed gene.
Full text
PDF



















Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Albertini A. M., Hofer M., Calos M. P., Miller J. H. On the formation of spontaneous deletions: the importance of short sequence homologies in the generation of large deletions. Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):319–328. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90148-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Azad A. A., Deacon N. J. The 3'-terminal primary structure of five eukaryotic 18S rRNAs determined by the direct chemical method of sequencing. The highly conserved sequences include an invariant region complementary to eukaryotic 5S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Oct 10;8(19):4365–4376. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.19.4365. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bantle J. A., Maxwell I. H., Hahn W. E. Specificity of oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography in the isolation of polyadenylated RNA. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:413–427. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90549-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benoist C., O'Hare K., Breathnach R., Chambon P. The ovalbumin gene-sequence of putative control regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jan 11;8(1):127–142. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.1.127. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brooker J. D., May B. K., Elliott W. H. Synthesis of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase in vitro using hepatic mRNA from chick embryos with induced porphyria. Eur J Biochem. 1980 May;106(1):17–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb05992.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Corden J., Wasylyk B., Buchwalder A., Sassone-Corsi P., Kedinger C., Chambon P. Promoter sequences of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1406–1414. doi: 10.1126/science.6251548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Diaz-Ruiz J. R., Kaper J. M. Isolation of viral double-stranded RNAs using a LiCl fractionation procedure. Prep Biochem. 1978;8(1):1–17. doi: 10.1080/00327487808068215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dowling L. M., Parry D. A., Sparrow L. G. Structural homology between hard alpha-keratin and the intermediate filament proteins desmin and vimentin. Biosci Rep. 1983 Jan;3(1):73–78. doi: 10.1007/BF01121573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Efstratiadis A., Posakony J. W., Maniatis T., Lawn R. M., O'Connell C., Spritz R. A., DeRiel J. K., Forget B. G., Weissman S. M., Slightom J. L. The structure and evolution of the human beta-globin gene family. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):653–668. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ford J. P., Hsu M. T. Transcription pattern of in vivo-labeled late simian virus 40 RNA: equimolar transcription beyond the mRNA 3' terminus. J Virol. 1978 Dec;28(3):795–801. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.3.795-801.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fraser N. W., Nevins J. R., Ziff E., Darnell J. E., Jr The major late adenovirus type-2 transcription unit: termination is downstream from the last poly(A) site. J Mol Biol. 1979 Apr 25;129(4):643–656. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90474-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frenkel M. J., Gillespie J. M., Reis P. J. Factors influencing the biosynthesis of the tyrosine-rich proteins of wool. Aust J Biol Sci. 1974 Feb;27(1):31–38. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fuchs E., Green H. The expression of keratin genes in epidermis and cultured epidermal cells. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):887–897. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90273-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gette W. R., Heywood S. M. Translation of myosin heavy chain messenger ribonucleic acid in an eukaryotic initiation factor 3- and messenger-dependent muscle cell-free system. J Biol Chem. 1979 Oct 10;254(19):9879–9885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hagenbüchle O., Santer M., Steitz J. A., Mans R. J. Conservation of the primary structure at the 3' end of 18S rRNA from eucaryotic cells. Cell. 1978 Mar;13(3):551–563. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90328-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hofer E., Hofer-Warbinek R., Darnell J. E., Jr Globin RNA transcription: a possible termination site and demonstration of transcriptional control correlated with altered chromatin structure. Cell. 1982 Jul;29(3):887–893. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90450-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hélène C., Lancelot G. Interactions between functional groups in protein-nucleic acid associations. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 1982;39(1):1–68. doi: 10.1016/0079-6107(83)90013-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kao F. T., Hartz J. A., Law M. L., Davidson J. N. Isolation and chromosomal localization of unique DNA sequences from a human genomic library. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(3):865–869. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.3.865. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kretschmer P. J., Coon H. C., Davis A., Harrison M., Nienhuis A. W. Hemoglobin switching in sheep. Isolation of the fetal gamma-globin gene and demonstration that the fetal gamma- and adult beta A-globin genes lie within eight kilobase segments of homologous DNA. J Biol Chem. 1981 Feb 25;256(4):1975–1982. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J., Vieira J. A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):269–276. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90016-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Molloy P. L., Powell B. C., Gregg K., Barone E. D., Rogers G. E. Organisation of feather keratin genes in the chick genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Oct 11;10(19):6007–6021. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.19.6007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nevins J. R., Blanchard J. M., Darnell J. E., Jr Transcription units of adenovirus type 2. Termination of transcription beyond the poly(A) addition site in early regions 2 and 4. J Mol Biol. 1980 Dec 15;144(3):377–386. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90096-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Loughlin J., Lehr L., Havaranis A., Heywood S. M. Encapsulation of "core" eIF3, regulatory components of eIF3 and mRNA into liposomes, and their subsequent uptake into myogenic cells in culture. J Cell Biol. 1981 Jul;90(1):160–168. doi: 10.1083/jcb.90.1.160. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Osborn M., Weber K. Intermediate filaments: cell-type-specific markers in differentiation and pathology. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):303–306. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90122-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Proudfoot N. J., Brownlee G. G. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211–214. doi: 10.1038/263211a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roop D. R., Tsai M. J., O'Malley B. W. Definition of the 5' and 3' ends of transcripts of the ovalbumin gene. Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):63–68. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90388-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shine J., Dalgarno L. The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1342–1346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith G. E., Summers M. D. The bidirectional transfer of DNA and RNA to nitrocellulose or diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper. Anal Biochem. 1980 Nov 15;109(1):123–129. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90019-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steitz J. A., Jakes K. How ribosomes select initiator regions in mRNA: base pair formation between the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA and the mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):4734–4738. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.4734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tsujimoto Y., Suzuki Y. The DNA sequence of Bombyx mori fibroin gene including the 5' flanking, mRNA coding, entire intervening and fibroin protein coding regions. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):591–600. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90075-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wahl G. M., Stern M., Stark G. R. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3683–3687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward K. A., Kasmarik S. E. The isolation of wool keratin messenger RNA from sheep. J Invest Dermatol. 1980 Sep;75(3):244–247. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12523257. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weber K., Geisler N. The structural relation between intermediate filament proteins in living cells and the alpha-keratins of sheep wool. EMBO J. 1982;1(10):1155–1160. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb00006.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weintraub H., Larsen A., Groudine M. Alpha-Globin-gene switching during the development of chicken embryos: expression and chromosome structure. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):333–344. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90323-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Winter G., Fields S. Cloning of influenza cDNA ino M13: the sequence of the RNA segment encoding the A/PR/8/34 matrix protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 10;8(9):1965–1974. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.9.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ziff E. B., Evans R. M. Coincidence of the promoter and capped 5' terminus of RNA from the adenovirus 2 major late transcription unit. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1463–1475. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90070-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]


