Abstract
Incubation of MSB cells with cytosine arabinoside (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, ara-C) inhibits 3H-thymidine incorporation into nascent DNA while nucleosome core histone synthesis proceeds in molar stoichiometry at about 20% of control rates. The excess nascent histone is incorporated into chromatin and nucleosome cores are assembled normally on the small amount of DNA which is synthesized at submaximal levels of ara-C. This DNA becomes packaged into a shortened nucleosome repeat, however. These results indicate that the nucleosome core is a strongly conserved unit of chromatin replication and suggest that the stoichiometry of nascent histone to DNA may be one factor influencing the establishment of the nucleosome repeat length. It cannot be the only factor, however, since the closely packed nucleosomes made in the presence of ara-C begin to return to their normal spacing within six hours after reversal.
Full text
PDF















Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Akiyama Y., Kato S. Two cell lines from lymphomas of Marek's disease. Biken J. 1974 Sep;17(3):105–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Albanese I., Weintraub H. Electrophoretic separation of a class of nucleosomes enriched in HMG 14 and 17 and actively transcribed globin genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jun 25;8(12):2787–2805. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.12.2787. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Albright S. C., Wiseman J. M., Lange R. A., Garrard W. T. Subunit structures of different electrophoretic forms of nucleosomes. J Biol Chem. 1980 Apr 25;255(8):3673–3684. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Annunziato A. T., Seale R. L. Maturation of nucleosomal and nonnucleosomal components of nascent chromatin: differential requirements for concurrent protein synthesis. Biochemistry. 1982 Oct 26;21(22):5431–5438. doi: 10.1021/bi00265a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borun T. W., Gabrielli F., Ajiro K., Zweidler A., Baglioni C. Further evidence of transcriptional and translational control of histone messenger RNA during the HeLa S3 cycle. Cell. 1975 Jan;4(1):59–67. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90134-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Borun T. W., Scharff M. D., Robbins E. Rapidly labeled, polyribosome-associated RNA having the properties of histone messenger. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Nov;58(5):1977–1983. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.5.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cozzarelli N. R. The mechanism of action of inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:641–668. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.003233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crémisi C., Chestier A., Yaniv M. Assembly of SV40 and polyoma minichromosomes during replication. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1978;42(Pt 1):409–416. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elgin S. C., Weintraub H. Chromosomal proteins and chromatin structure. Annu Rev Biochem. 1975;44:725–774. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.003453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freedlender E. F., Taichman L., Smithies O. Nonrandom distribution of chromosomal proteins during cell replication. Biochemistry. 1977 May 3;16(9):1802–1808. doi: 10.1021/bi00628a006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gallwitz D., Mueller G. C. Histone synthesis in vitro on HeLa cell microsomes. The nature of the coupling to deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1969 Nov 10;244(21):5947–5952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goldberg R. L., Fuller G. C. Quantitation of collagen in polyacrylamide gels by fluorescent scanning of MDPF-labeled proteins: an improvement over densitometric scanning of gels stained by Coomassie Blue. Anal Biochem. 1978 Oct 1;90(1):69–80. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90009-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Graham F. L., Whitmore G. F. Studies in mouse L-cells on the incorporation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine into DNA and on inhibition of DNA polymerase by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate. Cancer Res. 1970 Nov;30(11):2636–2644. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Graham F. L., Whitmore G. F. The effect of-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on growth, viability, and DNA synthesis of mouse L-cells. Cancer Res. 1970 Nov;30(11):2627–2635. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hereford L., Bromley S., Osley M. A. Periodic transcription of yeast histone genes. Cell. 1982 Aug;30(1):305–310. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90036-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jackson V., Chalkley R. A reevaluation of new histone deposition on replicating chromatin. J Biol Chem. 1981 May 25;256(10):5095–5103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kedes L. H. Histone genes and histone messengers. Annu Rev Biochem. 1979;48:837–870. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.004201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laskey R. A., Mills A. D. Quantitative film detection of 3H and 14C in polyacrylamide gels by fluorography. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Aug 15;56(2):335–341. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02238.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leffak I. M., Grainger R., Weintraub H. Conservative assembly and segregation of nucleosomal histones. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):837–845. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90282-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leffak I. M. Stability of the conservative mode of nucleosome assembly. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 May 11;11(9):2717–2732. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.9.2717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levinger L., Varshavsky A. High-resolution fractionation of nucleosomes: minor particles, "whiskers," and separation of mononucleosomes containing and lacking A24 semihistone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3244–3248. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3244. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levy A., Jakob K. M. Nascent DNA in nucleosome like structures from chromatin. Cell. 1978 Jun;14(2):259–267. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90112-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Manteuil S., Kopecka H., Caraux J., Prunell S., Girard M. Letter to the editor: In vivo incorporation of cytosine arabinoside into simian virus 40 DNA. J Mol Biol. 1974 Dec 25;90(4):751–756. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90538-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maurizot J. C., Brahms J., Eckstein F. Forces involved ithe conformational stability of nucleic acids. Nature. 1969 May 10;222(5193):559–561. doi: 10.1038/222559a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGhee J. D., Felsenfeld G. Nucleosome structure. Annu Rev Biochem. 1980;49:1115–1156. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.005343. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nadeau P., Oliver D. R., Chalkley R. Effect of inhibition of DNA synthesis on histone synthesis and deposition. Biochemistry. 1978 Nov 14;17(23):4885–4893. doi: 10.1021/bi00616a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Padgett T. G., Stubbledield E., Varmus H. E. Chicken macrochromosomes contain an endogenous provirus and microchromosomes contain sequences related to the transforming gene of ASV. Cell. 1977 Apr;10(4):649–657. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90098-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pospelov V., Russev G., Vassilev L., Tsanev R. Nucleosome segregation in chromatin replicated in the presence of cycloheximide. J Mol Biol. 1982 Mar 25;156(1):79–91. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90460-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riley D., Weintraub H. Conservative segregation of parental histones during replication in the presence of cycloheximide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jan;76(1):328–332. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.1.328. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Riley D., Weintraub H. Nucleosomal DNA is digested to repeats of 10 bases by exonuclease III. Cell. 1978 Feb;13(2):281–293. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90197-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robbins E., Borun T. W. The cytoplasmic synthesis of histones in hela cells and its temporal relationship to DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Feb;57(2):409–416. doi: 10.1073/pnas.57.2.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roufa D. J., Marchionni M. A. Nucleosome segregation at a defined mammalian chromosomal site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1810–1814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roufa D. J. Replication of a mammalian genome: the role of de novo protein biosynthesis during S phase. Cell. 1978 Jan;13(1):129–138. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90144-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russev G., Hancock R. Formation of hybrid nucleosomes cantaining new and old histones. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Aug 25;9(16):4129–4137. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.16.4129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seale R. L. Nucleosomes associated with newly replicated DNA have an altered conformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2717–2721. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seale R. L., Simpson R. T. Effects of cycloheximide on chromatin biosynthesis. J Mol Biol. 1975 May 25;94(3):479–501. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90216-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seale R. L. Studies on the mode of segregation of histone nu bodies during replication in HeLa cells. Cell. 1976 Nov;9(3):423–429. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90087-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seidman M. M., Levine A. J., Weintraub H. The asymmetric segregation of parental nucleosomes during chrosome replication. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):439–449. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90063-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sittman D. B., Graves R. A., Marzluff W. F. Histone mRNA concentrations are regulated at the level of transcription and mRNA degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1849–1853. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spadafora C., Oudet P., Chambon P. Rearrangement of chromatin structure induced by increasing ionic strength and temperature. Eur J Biochem. 1979 Oct;100(1):225–235. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb02053.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stalder J., Braun R. Chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum plasmodia and amoebae. FEBS Lett. 1978 Jun 15;90(2):223–227. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80373-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steinmetz M., Streeck R. E., Zachau H. G. Closely spaced nucleosome cores in reconstituted histone.DNA complexes and histone-H1-depleted chromatin. Eur J Biochem. 1978 Feb;83(2):615–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12131.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundaralingam M. Structure and conformation of nucleosides and nucleotides and their analogs as determined by x-ray diffraction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1975 Aug 8;255:3–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29211.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Surrey S., Nemer M. Methylated blocked 5' terminal sequences of sea urchin embryo messenger RNA classes containing and lacking poly(A). Cell. 1976 Dec;9(4 Pt 1):589–595. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90041-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tatchell K., Van Holde K. E. Compact oligomers and nucleosome phasing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Aug;75(8):3583–3587. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.3583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weintraub H. Cooperative alignment of nu bodies during chromosome replication in the presence of cycloheximide. Cell. 1976 Nov;9(3):419–422. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90086-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weintraub H., Palter K., Van Lente F. Histones H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 form a tetrameric complex in solutions of high salt. Cell. 1975 Sep;6(1):85–110. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90077-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weintraub H. The assembly of newly replicated DNA into chromatin. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1974;38:247–256. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.038.01.028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weischet W. O. On the de novo formation of compact oligonucleosomes at high ionic strength. Evidence for nucleosomal sliding in high salt. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Sep 25;7(2):291–304. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.2.291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weischet W. O., Van Holde K. E. Nuclease digestion promotes structural rearrangements in H1-depleted chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Sep 11;8(17):3743–3755. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.17.3743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wittig B., Wittig S. A phase relationship associates tRNA structural gene sequences with nucleosome cores. Cell. 1979 Dec;18(4):1173–1183. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90230-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woodcock C. L., Frado L. L., Wall J. S. Composition of native and reconstituted chromatin particles: direct mass determination by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4818–4822. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4818. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Worcel A., Han S., Wong M. L. Assembly of newly replicated chromatin. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):969–977. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90280-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu R. S., Bonner W. M. Separation of basal histone synthesis from S-phase histone synthesis in dividing cells. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):321–330. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90415-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]