Abstract
We have determined the base sequence of several cloned Alu family members from the DNAs of a new world monkey (owl monkey) and a prosimian (galago). The three owl monkey Alu family members reported here belong to a single 300 base pair consensus sequence which closely resembles the human Alu family consensus. The galago Alu family members can best be represented as belonging to either of two related but distinct consensus sequences. One of the two galago Alu family subgroups (Type I) more accurately resembles the human consensus sequence than does the other subgroup (Type II). In this work we compare base sequences of human and galago Type I Alu family members. There are several examples of species-specific differences between the human and Type I galago sequences indicating that the Alu family members are effectively homogenized within a species.
Full text
PDF














Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barrie P. A., Jeffreys A. J., Scott A. F. Evolution of the beta-globin gene cluster in man and the primates. J Mol Biol. 1981 Jul 5;149(3):319–336. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90476-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bell G. I., Pictet R., Rutter W. J. Analysis of the regions flanking the human insulin gene and sequence of an Alu family member. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Sep 25;8(18):4091–4109. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.18.4091. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deininger P. L., Jolly D. J., Rubin C. M., Friedmann T., Schmid C. W. Base sequence studies of 300 nucleotide renatured repeated human DNA clones. J Mol Biol. 1981 Sep 5;151(1):17–33. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90219-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deininger P. L., Schmid C. W. A study of the evolution of repeated DNA sequences in primates and the existence of a new class of repetitive sequences in primates. J Mol Biol. 1979 Feb 5;127(4):437–460. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90231-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deininger P. L., Schmid C. W. An electron microscope study of the DNA sequence organization of the human genome. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 25;106(3):773–790. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90264-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deininger P. L., Schmid C. W. Thermal stability of human DNA and chimpanzee DNA heteroduplexes. Science. 1976 Nov 19;194(4267):846–848. doi: 10.1126/science.982047. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duncan C. H., Jagadeeswaran P., Wang R. R., Weissman S. M. Structural analysis of templates and RNA polymerase III transcripts of Alu family sequences interspersed among the human beta-like globin genes. Gene. 1981 Mar;13(2):185–196. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90007-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haynes S. R., Jelinek W. R. Low molecular weight RNAs transcribed in vitro by RNA polymerase III from Alu-type dispersed repeats in Chinese hamster DNA are also found in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6130–6134. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6130. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haynes S. R., Toomey T. P., Leinwand L., Jelinek W. R. The Chinese hamster Alu-equivalent sequence: a conserved highly repetitious, interspersed deoxyribonucleic acid sequence in mammals has a structure suggestive of a transposable element. Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Jul;1(7):573–583. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.7.573. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Houck C. M., Rinehart F. P., Schmid C. W. A ubiquitous family of repeated DNA sequences in the human genome. J Mol Biol. 1979 Aug 15;132(3):289–306. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90261-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Houck C. M., Schmid C. W. The evolution of a family of short interspersed repeats in primate DNA. J Mol Evol. 1981;17(3):148–155. doi: 10.1007/BF01733908. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jagadeeswaran P., Forget B. G., Weissman S. M. Short interspersed repetitive DNA elements in eucaryotes: transposable DNA elements generated by reverse transcription of RNA pol III transcripts? Cell. 1981 Oct;26(2 Pt 2):141–142. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90296-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jelinek W. R., Schmid C. W. Repetitive sequences in eukaryotic DNA and their expression. Annu Rev Biochem. 1982;51:813–844. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.004121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jelinek W. R., Toomey T. P., Leinwand L., Duncan C. H., Biro P. A., Choudary P. V., Weissman S. M., Rubin C. M., Houck C. M., Deininger P. L. Ubiquitous, interspersed repeated sequences in mammalian genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1398–1402. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1398. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krayev A. S., Kramerov D. A., Skryabin K. G., Ryskov A. P., Bayev A. A., Georgiev G. P. The nucleotide sequence of the ubiquitous repetitive DNA sequence B1 complementary to the most abundant class of mouse fold-back RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Mar 25;8(6):1201–1215. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.6.1201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leinwand L. A., Wydro R. M., Nadal-Ginard B. Small RNA molecules related to the Alu family of repetitive DNA sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;2(11):1320–1330. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.11.1320. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maniatis T., Jeffrey A., Kleid D. G. Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):1184–1188. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.3.1184. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J., Crea R., Seeburg P. H. A system for shotgun DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):309–321. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J., Vieira J. A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):269–276. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90016-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rubin C. M., Houck C. M., Deininger P. L., Friedmann T., Schmid C. W. Partial nucleotide sequence of the 300-nucleotide interspersed repeated human DNA sequences. Nature. 1980 Mar 27;284(5754):372–374. doi: 10.1038/284372a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Coulson A. R., Barrell B. G., Smith A. J., Roe B. A. Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol. 1980 Oct 25;143(2):161–178. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmid C. W., Jelinek W. R. The Alu family of dispersed repetitive sequences. Science. 1982 Jun 4;216(4550):1065–1070. doi: 10.1126/science.6281889. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Arsdell S. W., Denison R. A., Bernstein L. B., Weiner A. M., Manser T., Gesteland R. F. Direct repeats flank three small nuclear RNA pseudogenes in the human genome. Cell. 1981 Oct;26(1 Pt 1):11–17. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90028-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Winter G., Fields S., Gait M. J., Brownlee G. G. The use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers in cloning and sequencing segment of 8 influenza virus (A/PR/8/34). Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):237–245. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yang R., Lis J., Wu R. Elution of DNA from agarose gels after electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:176–182. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68012-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]