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Mutation frequencies of UPEC UTI89 derivatives lacking genes encoding for TLS DNA polymerases. Strains were grown over night in LB broth and urine, in parallel, at 37°C. Mean mutation frequencies for 6-azar are based on eight independent cultures. Error bars show standard error (SE). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in mutation rates frequencies compared to wt UTI89 are indicated by a star (*). p values were calculated using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.
