Abstract
A total of 5724 base pairs of a recombinant phage DNA containing a human HLA-DR heavy chain gene including flanking regions has been analyzed. The regions corresponding to all the exons have been identified. The sites of initiation of transcription and polyadenylation have been determined. A large intron of 2399 base pairs separates the first exon containing the 5' untranslated region and the signal peptide from the second exon containing the N-terminal peptide domain.
Full text
PDF












Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Auffray C., Ben-Nun A., Roux-Dosseto M., Germain R. N., Seidman J. G., Strominger J. L. Polymorphism and complexity of the human DC and murine I-A alpha chain genes. EMBO J. 1983;2(1):121–124. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01392.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Auffray C., Korman A. J., Roux-Dosseto M., Bono R., Strominger J. L. cDNA clone for the heavy chain of the human B cell alloantigen DC1: strong sequence homology to the HLA-DR heavy chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(20):6337–6341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Auffray C., Rougeon F. Purification of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain messenger RNAs from total myeloma tumor RNA. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jun;107(2):303–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06030.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Basham T. Y., Merigan T. C. Recombinant interferon-gamma increases HLA-DR synthesis and expression. J Immunol. 1983 Apr;130(4):1492–1494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benacerraf B. Role of MHC gene products in immune regulation. Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1229–1238. doi: 10.1126/science.6165083. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cook R. G., Vitetta E. S., Uhr J. W., Capra J. D. Structural studies on the murine Ia alloantigens--III. Tryptic peptide comparisons of allelic products of the I-E/C sub-region. Mol Immunol. 1979 Jan;16(1):29–35. doi: 10.1016/0161-5890(79)90024-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Das H. K., Lawrance S. K., Weissman S. M. Structure and nucleotide sequence of the heavy chain gene of HLA-DR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3543–3547. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3543. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- De Kretser T. A., Crumpton M. J., Bodmer J. G., Bodmer W. F. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the polypeptides precipitated by a polymorphic HLA-DR1,2,w6 monoclonal antibody: evidence for a third locus. Eur J Immunol. 1982 Jul;12(7):600–606. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830120713. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Evans G. A., Margulies D. H., Camerini-Otero R. D., Ozato K., Seidman J. G. Structure and expression of a mouse major histocompatibility antigen gene, H-2Ld. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1994–1998. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fischer A., Beverley P. C., Feldmann M. Long-term human T-helper lines producing specific helper factor reactive to influenza virus. Nature. 1981 Nov 12;294(5837):166–168. doi: 10.1038/294166a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hyldig-Nielsen J. J., Schenning L., Hammerling U., Widmark E., Heldin E., Lind P., Servenius B., Lund T., Flavell R., Lee J. S. The complete nucleotide sequence of the I-E alpha d immune response gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Aug 11;11(15):5055–5071. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.15.5055. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaufman J. F., Strominger J. L. HLA-DR light chain has a polymorphic N-terminal region and a conserved immunoglobulin-like C-terminal region. Nature. 1982 Jun 24;297(5868):694–697. doi: 10.1038/297694a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Korman A. J., Auffray C., Schamboeck A., Strominger J. L. The amino acid sequence and gene organization of the heavy chain of the HLA-DR antigen: homology to immunoglobulins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):6013–6017. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.6013. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Korman A. J., Knudsen P. J., Kaufman J. F., Strominger J. L. cDNA clones for the heavy chain of HLA-DR antigens obtained after immunopurification of polysomes by monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1844–1848. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1844. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lamb J. R., Eckels D. D., Lake P., Johnson A. H., Hartzman R. J., Woody J. N. Antigen-specific human T lymphocyte clones: induction, antigen specificity, and MHC restriction of influenza virus-immune clones. J Immunol. 1982 Jan;128(1):233–238. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lamb J. R., Fledmann M. A human suppressor T cell clone which recognizes an autologous helper T cell clone. Nature. 1982 Dec 2;300(5891):456–458. doi: 10.1038/300456a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larhammar D., Gustafsson K., Claesson L., Bill P., Wiman K., Schenning L., Sundelin J., Widmark E., Peterson P. A., Rask L. Alpha chain of HLA-DR transplantation antigens is a member of the same protein superfamily as the immunoglobulins. Cell. 1982 Aug;30(1):153–161. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90021-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Larhammar D., Hammerling U., Denaro M., Lund T., Flavell R. A., Rask L., Peterson P. A. Structure of the murine immune response I-A beta locus: sequence of the I-A beta gene and an adjacent beta-chain second domain exon. Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):179–188. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90148-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawn R. M., Fritsch E. F., Parker R. C., Blake G., Maniatis T. The isolation and characterization of linked delta- and beta-globin genes from a cloned library of human DNA. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1157–1174. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90043-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee J. S., Trowsdale J., Bodmer W. F. cDNA clones coding for the heavy chain of human HLA-DR antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):545–549. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Long E. O., Wake C. T., Strubin M., Gross N., Accolla R. S., Carrel S., Mach B. Isolation of distinct cDNA clones encoding HLA-DR beta chains by use of an expression assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7465–7469. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7465. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mathis D. J., Benoist C. O., Williams V. E., 2nd, Kanter M. R., McDevitt H. O. The murine E alpha immune response gene. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):745–754. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90060-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McKnight S. L., Gavis E. R., Kingsbury R., Axel R. Analysis of transcriptional regulatory signals of the HSV thymidine kinase gene: identification of an upstream control region. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):385–398. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90057-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McNicholas J., Steinmetz M., Hunkapiller T., Jones P., Hood L. DNA sequence of the gene encoding the E alpha Ia polypeptide of the BALB/c mouse. Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1229–1232. doi: 10.1126/science.6815800. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orr H. T., DeMars R. Class I-like HLA genes map telomeric to the HLA-A2 locus in human cells. Nature. 1983 Apr 7;302(5908):534–536. doi: 10.1038/302534a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parnes J. R., Robinson R. R., Seidman J. G. Multiple mRNA species with distinct 3' termini are transcribed from the beta 2-microglobulin gene. 1983 Mar 31-Apr 6Nature. 302(5907):449–452. doi: 10.1038/302449a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parnes J. R., Seidman J. G. Structure of wild-type and mutant mouse beta 2-microglobulin genes. Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):661–669. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90182-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pober J. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Expression of Ia-like antigens by human vascular endothelial cells is inducible in vitro: demonstration by monoclonal antibody binding and immunoprecipitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6641–6645. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pustell J., Kafatos F. C. A high speed, high capacity homology matrix: zooming through SV40 and polyoma. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Aug 11;10(15):4765–4782. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.15.4765. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rabourdin-Combe C., Mach B. Expression of HLA-DR antigens at the surface of mouse L cells co-transfected with cloned human genes. Nature. 1983 Jun 23;303(5919):670–674. doi: 10.1038/303670a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saito H., Maki R. A., Clayton L. K., Tonegawa S. Complete primary structures of the E beta chain and gene of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5520–5524. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.18.5520. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stetler D., Das H., Nunberg J. H., Saiki R., Sheng-Dong R., Mullis K. B., Weissman S. M., Erlich H. A. Isolation of a cDNA clone for the human HLA-DR antigen alpha chain by using a synthetic oligonucleotide as a hybridization probe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):5966–5970. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.5966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tosi R., Tanigaki N., Centis D., Ferrara G. B., Pressman D. Immunological dissection of human Ia molecules. J Exp Med. 1978 Dec 1;148(6):1592–1611. doi: 10.1084/jem.148.6.1592. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wake C. T., Long E. O., Strubin M., Gross N., Accolla R., Carrel S., Mach B. Isolation of cDNA clones encoding HLA-DR alpha chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(22):6979–6983. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zinkernagel R. M., Doherty P. C. Immunological surveillance against altered self components by sensitised T lymphocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Nature. 1974 Oct 11;251(5475):547–548. doi: 10.1038/251547a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zinkernagel R. M., Doherty P. C. MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells: studies on the biological role of polymorphic major transplantation antigens determining T-cell restriction-specificity, function, and responsiveness. Adv Immunol. 1979;27:51–177. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60262-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

