Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1982 Nov 11;10(21):6931–6944. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.21.6931

Nucleotide sequence of the 3' half of AKV.

W Herr, V Corbin, W Gilbert
PMCID: PMC326975  PMID: 6294621

Abstract

We report the nucleotide sequence of the 3' half of the ecotropic murine leukemia virus AKV genome. To obtain a preliminary sequence, we developed a sequencing strategy whereby a nested set of restriction fragments is chemically modified prior to gel purification and strand scission. The sequence defines the genetic map of the 3' half of AKV and locates recombinant regions previously identified in structural analyses of MCF viruses.

Full text

PDF
6931

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Besmer P., Baltimore D. Mechanism of restriction of ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses and formation of pseudotypes between the two viruses. J Virol. 1977 Mar;21(3):965–973. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.3.965-973.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chattopadhyay S. K., Lander M. R., Gupta S., Rands E., Lowy D. R. Origin of mink cytopathic focus-forming (MCF) viruses:comparison with ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia virus genomes. Virology. 1981 Sep;113(2):465–483. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90175-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chien Y. H., Verma I. M., Shih T. Y., Scolnick E. M., Davidson N. Heteroduplex analysis of the sequence relations between the RNAs of mink cell focus-inducing and murine leukemia viruses. J Virol. 1978 Oct;28(1):352–360. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.1.352-360.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cloyd M. W., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Lymphomagenicity of recombinant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med. 1980 Mar 1;151(3):542–552. doi: 10.1084/jem.151.3.542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. DeLarco J., Todaro G. J. Membrane receptors for murine leukemia viruses: characterization using the purified viral envelope glycoprotein, gp71. Cell. 1976 Jul;8(3):365–371. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90148-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Elder J. H., Gautsch J. W., Jensen F. C., Lerner R. A., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Biochemical evidence that MCF murine leukemia viruses are envelope (env) gene recombinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4676–4680. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Famulari N. G., Buchhagen D. L., Klenk H. D., Fleissner E. Presence of murine leukemia virus envelope proteins gp70 and p15(E) in a common polyprotein of infected cells. J Virol. 1976 Nov;20(2):501–508. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.2.501-508.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fowler A. K., Twardzik D. R., Reed C. D., Weislow O. S., Hellman A. Binding characteristics of Rauscher leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp71 to murine lymphoid cells. J Virol. 1977 Dec;24(3):729–735. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.3.729-735.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Frischauf A. M., Garoff H., Lehrach H. A subcloning strategy for DNA sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Dec 11;8(23):5541–5549. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.23.5541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gething M. J., White J. M., Waterfield M. D. Purification of the fusion protein of Sendai virus: analysis of the NH2-terminal sequence generated during precursor activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2737–2740. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Green N., Shinnick T. M., Witte O., Ponticelli A., Sutcliffe J. G., Lerner R. A. Sequence-specific antibodies show that maturation of Moloney leukemia virus envelope polyprotein involves removal of a COOH-terminal peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6023–6027. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hartley J. W., Wolford N. K., Old L. J., Rowe W. P. A new class of murine leukemia virus associated with development of spontaneous lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):789–792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Holmes D. S., Quigley M. A rapid boiling method for the preparation of bacterial plasmids. Anal Biochem. 1981 Jun;114(1):193–197. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90473-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ishimoto A., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Detection and quantitation of phenotypically mixed viruses: mixing of ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. Virology. 1977 Sep;81(2):263–269. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90143-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lenz J., Crowther R., Straceski A., Haseltine W. Nucleotide sequence of the Akv env gene. J Virol. 1982 May;42(2):519–529. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.2.519-529.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Levy J. A. Xenotropic viruses: murine leukemia viruses associated with NIH Swiss, NZB, and other mouse strains. Science. 1973 Dec 14;182(4117):1151–1153. doi: 10.1126/science.182.4117.1151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Linder D., Stirm S., Schneider J., Hunsmann G., Smythers G., Oroszlan S. Glycoproteins of friend murine leukemia virus: separation and NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of gp69 and gp71. J Virol. 1982 Apr;42(1):352–355. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.1.352-355.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lostrom M. E., Stone M. R., Tam M., Burnette W. N., Pinter A., Nowinski R. C. Monoclonal antibodies against murine leukemia viruses: identification of six antigenic determinants on the p 15(E) and gp70 envelope proteins. Virology. 1979 Oct 30;98(2):336–350. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90557-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lowy D. R., Rands E., Chattopadhyay S. K., Garon C. F., Hager G. L. Molecular cloning of infectious integrated murine leukemia virus DNA from infected mouse cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jan;77(1):614–618. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.614. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lung M. L., Hering C., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Hopkins N. Analysis of the genomes of mink cell focus-inducing murine type-C viruses: a progress report. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1269–1274. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.138. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Naso R. B., Arcement L. J., Karshin W. L., Jamjoom G. A., Arlinghaus R. B. A fucose-deficient glycoprotein precursor to Rauscher leukemia virus gp69/71. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jul;73(7):2326–2330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.7.2326. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Nowinski R. C., Pickering R., O'Donnell P. V., Pinter A., Hammerling U. Selective neutralization of ecotropic murine leukemia virus by monoclonal antibodies: localization of a site on the gp70 protein associated with ecotropism. Virology. 1981 May;111(1):84–92. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90655-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. O'Donnell P. V., Stockert E., Obata Y., Old L. J. Leukemogenic properties of AKR dualtropic (MCF) viruses: amplification of murine leukemia virus-related antigens on thymocytes and acceleration of leukemia development in AKR mice. Virology. 1981 Jul 30;112(2):548–563. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90301-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Peattie D. A. Direct chemical method for sequencing RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1760–1764. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1760. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pedersen F. S., Haseltine W. A. Analysis of the genome of an endogenous, ecotropic retrovirus of the AKR strain of mice: micromethod for detailed characterization of high-molecular-weight RNA. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):349–365. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.349-365.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rommelaere J., Faller D. V., Hopkins N. Characterization and mapping of RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides derived from the genomes of Akv and MCF murine leukemia viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):495–499. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Rommelaere J., Faller D. V., Hopkins N. RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of Akv-1 and Akv-2 type C viruses of AKR mice. J Virol. 1977 Nov;24(2):690–694. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.2.690-694.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rose G. D., Roy S. Hydrophobic basis of packing in globular proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4643–4647. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Rosner M. R., Tung J. S., Hopkins N., Robbins P. W. Relationship of GIX antigen expression to the glycosylation of murine leukemia virus glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6420–6424. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6420. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rowe W. P., Pincus T. Quantitative studies of naturally occurring murine leukemia virus infection of AKR mice. J Exp Med. 1972 Feb 1;135(2):429–436. doi: 10.1084/jem.135.2.429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sanger F., Coulson A. R. The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing. FEBS Lett. 1978 Mar 1;87(1):107–110. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80145-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Shapiro S. Z., Strand M., August J. T. High molecular weight precursor polypeptides to structural proteins of Rauscher murine leukemia virus. J Mol Biol. 1976 Nov 15;107(4):459–477. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80078-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Shields A., Witte W. N., Rothenberg E., Baltimore D. High frequency of aberrant expression of Moloney murine leukemia virus in clonal infections. Cell. 1978 Jul;14(3):601–609. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90245-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Shinnick T. M., Lerner R. A., Sutcliffe J. G. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukaemia virus. Nature. 1981 Oct 15;293(5833):543–548. doi: 10.1038/293543a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Skehel J. J., Waterfield M. D. Studies on the primary structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):93–97. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.93. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Steffen D. L., Bird S., Weinberg R. A. Evidence for the Asiatic origin of endogenous AKR-type murine leukemia proviruses. J Virol. 1980 Sep;35(3):824–835. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.3.824-835.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Thiel H. J., Broughton E. M., Matthews T. J., Schäfer W., Bolognesi D. P. Interspecies reactivity of type C and D retrovirus p 15E and p 15C proteins. Virology. 1981 May;111(1):270–274. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90671-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Van Beveren C., Rands E., Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R., Verma I. M. Long terminal repeat of murine retroviral DNAs: sequence analysis, host-proviral junctions, and preintegration site. J Virol. 1982 Feb;41(2):542–556. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.2.542-556.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Van Zaane D., Dekker-Michielsen J. A., Bloemers H. P. Virus-specific precursor polypeptides in cells infected with Rauscher leukemia virus: synthesis, identification, and processing. Virology. 1976 Nov;75(1):113–129. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90011-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wiley D. C., Wilson I. A., Skehel J. J. Structural identification of the antibody-binding sites of Hong Kong influenza haemagglutinin and their involvement in antigenic variation. Nature. 1981 Jan 29;289(5796):373–378. doi: 10.1038/289373a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Wilson I. A., Skehel J. J., Wiley D. C. Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution. Nature. 1981 Jan 29;289(5796):366–373. doi: 10.1038/289366a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Witte O. N., Tsukamoto-Adey A., Weissman I. L. Cellular maturation of oncornavirus glycoproteins: topological arrangement of precursor and product forms in cellular membranes. Virology. 1977 Feb;76(2):539–553. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90236-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES