Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1982 Dec 11;10(23):7677–7688. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.23.7677

Sea urchin small nuclear RNA genes are organized in distinct tandemly repeating units.

C O Card, G F Morris, D T Brown, W F Marzluff
PMCID: PMC327038  PMID: 6185926

Abstract

The genes coding for the two major small nuclear RNAs in the sea urchin are organized in independent tandem repeating units. The small nuclear RNAs, N1 and N2 were purified from gastrula embryos of Lytechinus variegatus. These RNAs are analogous to the U series of RNA in mammalian cells as judged by their identical 5' termini and the sequence homology of the N1 urchin RNA and U1 mouse RNA. These RNAs were polyadenylated with E. Coli adenylate transferase. A 32PO4 labeled copy of each RNA was made with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. This copy was used to probe the gene organization of these RNAs by hybridizing to restriction enzyme digests of sperm DNA. Each of these RNAs is coded in a tandemly repeated cluster (at least 30 kb) with a repeat length of 1100-1400 bases. The N1 and N2 clusters are distinct. The N1 repeat has been cloned and the repeating organization confirmed with the cloned gene.

Full text

PDF
7677

Images in this article

7680Image
on p.7680
7681Image
on p.7681
7682Image
on p.7682
7683Image
on p.7683
7684Image
on p.7684

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blin N., Sperrazza J. M., Wilson F. E., Bieber D. G., Mickel F. S., Stafford D. W. Organization of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster in Lytechinus variegatus. Restriction analysis and cloning of restriction fragments. J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 25;254(8):2716–2721. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brown D. D., Wensink P. C., Jordan E. Purification and some characteristics of 5S DNA from Xenopus laevis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3175–3179. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Childs G., Maxson R., Cohn R. H., Kedes L. Orphons: dispersed genetic elements derived from tandem repetitive genes of eucaryotes. Cell. 1981 Mar;23(3):651–663. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90428-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Clarkson S. G., Kurer V., Smith H. O. Sequence organization of a cloned tDNA met fragment from Xenopus laevis. Cell. 1978 Jul;14(3):713–724. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90253-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Denhardt D. T. A membrane-filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Jun 13;23(5):641–646. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90447-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Denison R. A., Van Arsdell S. W., Bernstein L. B., Weiner A. M. Abundant pseudogenes for small nuclear RNAs are dispersed in the human genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):810–814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Denison R. A., Weiner A. M. Human U1 RNA pseudogenes may be generated by both DNA- and RNA-mediated mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jul;2(7):815–828. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.7.815. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fernandez-Munoz R., Lavi U., Darnell J. E. 5' Caps in hnRNA: absence of m32,2,7G and size distribution of capped molecules. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977 Oct;4(10):3357–3369. doi: 10.1093/nar/4.10.3357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Grunstein M., Wallis J. Colony hybridization. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:379–389. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68027-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hassur S. M., Whitlock H. W., Jr UV shadowing--a new and convenient method for the location of ultraviolet-absorbing species in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem. 1974 May;59(1):162–164. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(74)90020-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hieter P. A., Hendricks M. B., Hemminki K., Weinberg E. S. Histone gene switch in the sea urchin embryo. Identification of late embryonic histone messenger ribonucleic acids and the control of their synthesis. Biochemistry. 1979 Jun 26;18(13):2707–2716. doi: 10.1021/bi00580a004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kedes L. H. Histone genes and histone messengers. Annu Rev Biochem. 1979;48:837–870. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.004201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lu A. L., Steege D. A., Stafford D. W. Nucleotide sequence of a 5S ribosomal RNA gene in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Apr 25;8(8):1839–1853. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.8.1839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Manser T., Gesteland R. F. Human U1 loci: genes for human U1 RNA have dramatically similar genomic environments. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):257–264. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90110-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Marzluff W. F., Jr, White E. L., Benjamin R., Huang R. C. Low molecular weight RNA species from chromatin. Biochemistry. 1975 Aug 12;14(16):3715–3724. doi: 10.1021/bi00687a031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Moriyama Y., Hodnett J. L., Prestayko A. W., Busch H. Studies on the nuclear 4 to 7 s RNA of the Novikoff hepatoma. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan;39(2):335–349. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90321-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nijhawan P., Marzluff W. F. Metabolism of low molecular weight ribonucleic acids in early sea urchin embryos. Biochemistry. 1979 Apr 3;18(7):1353–1360. doi: 10.1021/bi00574a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ro-Choi T. S., Choi Y. C., Henning D., McCloskey J., Busch H. Nucleotide sequence of U-2 ribonucleic acid. The sequence of the 5'-terminal oligonucleotide. J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):3921–3928. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Roop D. R., Kristo P., Stumph W. E., Tsai M. J., O'Malley B. W. Structure and expression of a chicken gene coding for U1 RNA. Cell. 1981 Mar;23(3):671–680. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90430-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Santos T., Zasloff M. Comparative analysis of human chromosomal segments bearing nonallelic dispersed tRNAimet genes. Cell. 1981 Mar;23(3):699–709. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90433-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sippel A. E. Purification and characterization of adenosine triphosphate: ribonucleic acid adenyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1973 Aug 1;37(1):31–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02953.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Stellwag E. J., Dahlberg A. E. Electrophoretic transfer of DNA, RNA and protein onto diazobenzyloxymethyl (DBM) - paper. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jan 25;8(2):299–317. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.2.299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ullrich A., Shine J., Chirgwin J., Pictet R., Tischer E., Rutter W. J., Goodman H. M. Rat insulin genes: construction of plasmids containing the coding sequences. Science. 1977 Jun 17;196(4296):1313–1319. doi: 10.1126/science.325648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Weinberg R. A., Penman S. Small molecular weight monodisperse nuclear RNA. J Mol Biol. 1968 Dec;38(3):289–304. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90387-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Yang R., Lis J., Wu R. Elution of DNA from agarose gels after electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:176–182. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68012-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES