Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6279–6291. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6279

The 5' termini of RNAs encoded by the transposable element copia.

A J Flavell, R Levis, M A Simon, G M Rubin
PMCID: PMC327603  PMID: 6275356

Abstract

The 5' termini of copia-specific RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells were determined by S1 nuclease mapping and cap analysis. Both major copia RNAs share an identical set of heterogeneous 5' ends. Three major cap 1 structures M7GpppCmpUp, M7GpppCmpCp and M7GpppGmpUp together with several other minor caps were found. Almost all the 5' termini, as judged by S-1 nuclease mapping, were located either in a pyrimidine-rich part of the terminal direct repeat or apparently outside of the copia element, suggesting that a proportion of copia transcripts derive from promoters external to the genetic element.

Full text

PDF
6279

Images in this article

6282Image
on p.6282
6283Image
on p.6283
6285Image
on p.6285
6287Image
on p.6287

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baker C. C., Herisse J., Courtois G., Galibert F., Ziff E. Messenger RNA for the Ad2 DNA binding protein: DNA sequences encoding the first leader and heterogenity at the mRNA 5' end. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):569–580. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90073-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Berk A. J., Sharp P. A. Spliced early mRNAs of simian virus 40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1274–1278. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1274. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carlson M., Brutlag D. One of the copia genes is adjacent to satellite DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):733–742. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90259-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cory S., Adams J. M. The modified 5'-terminal sequences in messenger RNA of mouse myeloma cells. J Mol Biol. 1975 Dec 25;99(4):519–547. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80170-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dhar R., McClements W. L., Enquist L. W., Vande Woude G. F. Nucleotide sequences of integrated Moloney sarcoma provirus long terminal repeats and their host and viral junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3937–3941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dunsmuir P., Brorein W. J., Jr, Simon M. A., Rubin G. M. Insertion of the Drosophila transposable element copia generates a 5 base pair duplication. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):575–579. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90495-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Farabaugh P. J., Fink G. R. Insertion of the eukaryotic transposable element Ty1 creates a 5-base pair duplication. Nature. 1980 Jul 24;286(5771):352–356. doi: 10.1038/286352a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fincham J. R., Sastry G. R. Controlling elements in maize. Annu Rev Genet. 1974;8:15–50. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.08.120174.000311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fink G., Farabaugh P., Roeder G., Chaleff D. Transposable elements (Ty) in yeast. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):575–580. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.074. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Finnegan D. J., Rubin G. M., Young M. W., Hogness D. S. Repeated gene families in Drosophila melanogaster. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1978;42(Pt 2):1053–1063. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Flavell A. J., Cowie A., Arrand J. R., Kamen R. Localization of three major cappe 5' ends of polyoma virus late mRNA's within a single tetranucleotide sequence in the viral genome. J Virol. 1980 Feb;33(2):902–908. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.2.902-908.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Flavell A. J., Cowie A., Legon S., Kamen R. Multiple 5' terminal cap structures in late polyoma virus RNA. Cell. 1979 Feb;16(2):357–371. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90012-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Flavell A. J., Ruby S. W., Toole J. J., Roberts B. E., Rubin G. M. Translation and developmental regulation of RNA encoded by the eukaryotic transposable element copia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7107–7111. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7107. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gafner J., Philippsen P. The yeast transposon Ty1 generates duplications of target DNA on insertion. Nature. 1980 Jul 24;286(5771):414–418. doi: 10.1038/286414a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gehring W. J., Paro R. Isolation of a hybrid plasmid with homologous sequences to a transposing element of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1980 Apr;19(4):897–904. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90081-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ghosh P. K., Reddy V. B., Swinscoe J., Lebowitz P., Weissman S. M. Heterogeneity and 5'-terminal structures of the late RNAs of simian virus 40. J Mol Biol. 1978 Dec 25;126(4):813–846. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90022-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Greer H., Igo M., de Bruijn F. Transposable elements involving the his4 region of yeast. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):567–574. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.073. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ilyin Y. V., Chmeliauskaite V. G., Ananiev E. V., Georgiev G. P. Isolation and characterization of a new family of mobile dispersed genetic elements, mdg3, in Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma. 1980;81(1):27–53. doi: 10.1007/BF00292421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ilyin Y. V., Chmeliauskaite V. G., Ananiev E. V., Lyubomirskaya N. V., Kulguskin V. V., Bayev A. A., Jr, Georgiev G. P. Mobile dispersed genetic element MDG1 of Drosophila melanogaster: structural organization. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Nov 25;8(22):5333–5346. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.22.5333. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ilyin Y. V., Tchurikov N. A., Ananiev E. V., Ryskov A. P., Yenikolopov G. N., Limborska S. A., Maleeva N. E., Gvozdev V. A., Georgiev G. P. Studies on the DNA fragments of mammals and Drosophila containing structural genes and adjacent sequences. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1978;42(Pt 2):959–969. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.097. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kleckner N. Translocatable elements in procaryotes. Cell. 1977 May;11(1):11–23. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90313-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Levis R., Dunsmuir P., Rubin G. M. Terminal repeats of the Drosophila transposable element copia: nucleotide sequence and genomic organization. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):581–588. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90496-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Levis R., Penman S. 5'-terminal structures of poly(A)+ cytoplasmic messenger RNA and of poly(A)+ and poly(A)- heterogeneous nuclear RNA of cells of the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Biol. 1978 Apr 25;120(4):487–515. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90350-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Potter S. S., Brorein W. J., Jr, Dunsmuir P., Rubin G. M. Transposition of elements of the 412, copia and 297 dispersed repeated gene families in Drosophila. Cell. 1979 Jun;17(2):415–427. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90168-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rasmuson B., Westerberg B. M., Rasmuson A., Gvozdev V. A., Belyaeva E. S., Ilyin Y. V. Transpositions, mutable genes, and the dispersed gene family Dm225 in Drosophila melanogaster. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):545–551. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rubin G. M., Brorein W. J., Jr, Dunsmuir P., Flavell A. J., Levis R., Strobel E., Toole J. J., Young E. Copia-like transposable elements in the Drosophila genome. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):619–628. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.080. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Rubin G. M., Hogness D. S. Effect of heat shock on the synthesis of low molecular weight RNAs in drosophilia: accumulation of a novel form of 5S RNA. Cell. 1975 Oct;6(2):207–213. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90011-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shimotohno K., Mizutani S., Temin H. M. Sequence of retrovirus provirus resembles that of bacterial transposable elements. Nature. 1980 Jun 19;285(5766):550–554. doi: 10.1038/285550a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Strobel E., Dunsmuir P., Rubin G. M. Polymorphisms in the chromosomal locations of elements of the 412, copia and 297 dispersed repeated gene families in Drosophila. Cell. 1979 Jun;17(2):429–439. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90169-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Young M. W., Schwartz H. E. Nomadic gene families in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):629–640. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.081. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES