Figure 8. Mouse ATCs undergo a glycolytic switch (Warburg effect).

(A) Coronal section (transverse in the inset) of representative ¹⁸FDG PET scans of 8-month old control and compound mutant mice, showing high ¹⁸FDG accumulation in the thyroid tumor. (B) H&E and immunohistochemical detection of Hexokinase II and Pyruvate kinase M2 in the anaplastic component of a representative mouse tumor. The line demarcates the boundary between well-differentiated and anaplastic component. (C) Western blotting showing the increased expression of Hif1α, Hexokinase II and Pyruvate kinase M2 in four mouse ATCs (T1-T4). (D) Real-time PCR analysis of the expression of Hexokinase II, Pyruvate kinase M2, and Lactate dehydrogenase A in five mouse ATCs (T1-T5). (E) Lactate content of four wild type thyroids and five ATCs (T1-T5), showing consistent increase in neoplastic glands.