Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1991 Nov 11;19(21):5851–5856. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.21.5851

Deletion analysis of the human CD2 gene locus control region in transgenic mice.

G Lang 1, C Mamalaki 1, D Greenberg 1, N Yannoutsos 1, D Kioussis 1
PMCID: PMC329037  PMID: 1682894

Abstract

Genomic sequences located at the 3' flanking region of the human CD2 gene confer high level tissue-specific, position-independent expression of the gene when introduced in the germ line of mice. In order to further characterize these sequences a range of deletions, from the 3' end were produced and transgenic mice were generated with the human CD2 (hCD2) gene linked to these deleted fragments. This allowed us to establish the minimum sequences necessary for the copy-dependent transgene expression. 2.1 kb or 1.5 kb of 3' flanking sequences linked to a hCD2 mini-gene is sufficient to allow T-cell specific, copy-dependent, integration-independent expression in transgenic mice. 1.1 kb of 3' sequences results in the gene being expressed in a T-cell specific manner, but copy-dependent, integration-independent expression was not observed in a small number of transgenic animals. 0.2 or 0.5 kb of 3' flanking sequences were insufficient to allow expression above the level previously found with a human CD2 gene which lacked 3' flanking sequences. We conclude that the Locus Control Region (LCR) effect is caused by 1.5 kb of flanking sequences immediately 3' to the polyadenylation signal of the gene.

Full text

PDF
5851

Images in this article

5853Image
on p.5853
5854Image
on p.5854
5854Image
on p.5854

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altevogt P., Michaelis M., Kyewski B. Identical forms of the CD2 antigen expressed by mouse T and B lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol. 1989 Aug;19(8):1509–1512. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830190826. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Auffray C., Rougeon F. Purification of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain messenger RNAs from total myeloma tumor RNA. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jun;107(2):303–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06030.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bonifer C., Vidal M., Grosveld F., Sippel A. E. Tissue specific and position independent expression of the complete gene domain for chicken lysozyme in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 1990 Sep;9(9):2843–2848. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07473.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Duplay P., Lancki D., Allison J. P. Distribution and ontogeny of CD2 expression by murine T cells. J Immunol. 1989 May 1;142(9):2998–3005. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Georgopoulos K., van den Elsen P., Bier E., Maxam A., Terhorst C. A T cell-specific enhancer is located in a DNase I-hypersensitive area at the 3' end of the CD3-delta gene. EMBO J. 1988 Aug;7(8):2401–2407. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03085.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Greaves D. R., Wilson F. D., Lang G., Kioussis D. Human CD2 3'-flanking sequences confer high-level, T cell-specific, position-independent gene expression in transgenic mice. Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):979–986. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90631-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Grosveld F., van Assendelft G. B., Greaves D. R., Kollias G. Position-independent, high-level expression of the human beta-globin gene in transgenic mice. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):975–985. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90584-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Higgs D. R., Wood W. G., Jarman A. P., Sharpe J., Lida J., Pretorius I. M., Ayyub H. A major positive regulatory region located far upstream of the human alpha-globin gene locus. Genes Dev. 1990 Sep;4(9):1588–1601. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.9.1588. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ho I. C., Bhat N. K., Gottschalk L. R., Lindsten T., Thompson C. B., Papas T. S., Leiden J. M. Sequence-specific binding of human Ets-1 to the T cell receptor alpha gene enhancer. Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):814–818. doi: 10.1126/science.2237431. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ho I. C., Vorhees P., Marin N., Oakley B. K., Tsai S. F., Orkin S. H., Leiden J. M. Human GATA-3: a lineage-restricted transcription factor that regulates the expression of the T cell receptor alpha gene. EMBO J. 1991 May;10(5):1187–1192. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08059.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Joulin V., Bories D., Eléouet J. F., Labastie M. C., Chrétien S., Mattéi M. G., Roméo P. H. A T-cell specific TCR delta DNA binding protein is a member of the human GATA family. EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1809–1816. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07706.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kamoun M., Martin P. J., Hansen J. A., Brown M. A., Siadak A. W., Nowinski R. C. Identification of a human T lymphocyte surface protein associated with the E-rosette receptor. J Exp Med. 1981 Jan 1;153(1):207–212. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.1.207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Krumlauf R., Holland P. W., McVey J. H., Hogan B. L. Developmental and spatial patterns of expression of the mouse homeobox gene, Hox 2.1. Development. 1987 Apr;99(4):603–617. doi: 10.1242/dev.99.4.603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lake R. A., Wotton D., Owen M. J. A 3' transcriptional enhancer regulates tissue-specific expression of the human CD2 gene. EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3129–3136. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07510.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lang G., Wotton D., Owen M. J., Sewell W. A., Brown M. H., Mason D. Y., Crumpton M. J., Kioussis D. The structure of the human CD2 gene and its expression in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 1988 Jun;7(6):1675–1682. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02995.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Palmiter R. D., Sandgren E. P., Avarbock M. R., Allen D. D., Brinster R. L. Heterologous introns can enhance expression of transgenes in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jan 15;88(2):478–482. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.2.478. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sewell W. A., Brown M. H., Dunne J., Owen M. J., Crumpton M. J. Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2 (T11) antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(22):8718–8722. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8718. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Spanopoulou E., Giguere V., Grosveld F. The functional domains of the murine Thy-1 gene promoter. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;11(4):2216–2228. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.4.2216. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Talbot D., Grosveld F. The 5'HS2 of the globin locus control region enhances transcription through the interaction of a multimeric complex binding at two functionally distinct NF-E2 binding sites. EMBO J. 1991 Jun;10(6):1391–1398. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07659.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Waterman M. L., Fischer W. H., Jones K. A. A thymus-specific member of the HMG protein family regulates the human T cell receptor C alpha enhancer. Genes Dev. 1991 Apr;5(4):656–669. doi: 10.1101/gad.5.4.656. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wingender E. Compilation of transcription regulating proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Mar 25;16(5):1879–1902. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.5.1879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Yagita H., Nakamura T., Karasuyama H., Okumura K. Monoclonal antibodies specific for murine CD2 reveal its presence on B as well as T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):645–649. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.2.645. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. van de Wetering M., Oosterwegel M., Dooijes D., Clevers H. Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. EMBO J. 1991 Jan;10(1):123–132. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07928.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES