Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1991 Nov 25;19(22):6119–6122. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.22.6119

Levels of tRNAs in bacterial cells as affected by amino acid usage in proteins.

F Yamao 1, Y Andachi 1, A Muto 1, T Ikemura 1, S Osawa 1
PMCID: PMC329099  PMID: 1956771

Abstract

Transfer RNAs of Mycoplasma capricolum were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the relative abundance of each of the 28 known tRNA species was measured. There existed a correlation between the relative amount of isoacceptor tRNAs and the frequency in choosing synonymous codons that could be translated by the isoacceptors. Furthermore, it was observed that the total amount of tRNAs for a particular amino acid was paralleled by the composition of the amino acid in ribosomal proteins. A similar relationship was obtained from reexamination of the previous data on Escherichia coli tRNAs, suggesting that the amount of tRNAs for an amino acid is affected by the usage of the amino acid in proteins.

Full text

PDF
6119

Images in this article

6120Image
on p.6120

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andachi Y., Yamao F., Iwami M., Muto A., Osawa S. Occurrence of unmodified adenine and uracil at the first position of anticodon in threonine tRNAs in Mycoplasma capricolum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7398–7402. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7398. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andachi Y., Yamao F., Muto A., Osawa S. Codon recognition patterns as deduced from sequences of the complete set of transfer RNA species in Mycoplasma capricolum. Resemblance to mitochondria. J Mol Biol. 1989 Sep 5;209(1):37–54. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90168-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Emilsson V., Kurland C. G. Growth rate dependence of transfer RNA abundance in Escherichia coli. EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(13):4359–4366. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07885.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ikemura T. Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms. Mol Biol Evol. 1985 Jan;2(1):13–34. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ikemura T. Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes. J Mol Biol. 1981 Feb 15;146(1):1–21. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90363-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ikemura T. Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes: a proposal for a synonymous codon choice that is optimal for the E. coli translational system. J Mol Biol. 1981 Sep 25;151(3):389–409. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90003-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ikemura T. Correlation between the abundance of yeast transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in protein genes. Differences in synonymous codon choice patterns of yeast and Escherichia coli with reference to the abundance of isoaccepting transfer RNAs. J Mol Biol. 1982 Jul 15;158(4):573–597. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90250-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ikemura T., Ozeki H. Codon usage and transfer RNA contents: organism-specific codon-choice patterns in reference to the isoacceptor contents. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 2):1087–1097. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.123. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ikemura T. Purification of RNA molecules by gel techniques. Methods Enzymol. 1989;180:14–25. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(89)80088-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kilpatrick M. W., Walker R. T. The nucleotide sequence of glycine tRNA from Mycoplasma mycoides sp. capri. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jun 25;8(12):2783–2786. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.12.2783. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Komine Y., Adachi T., Inokuchi H., Ozeki H. Genomic organization and physical mapping of the transfer RNA genes in Escherichia coli K12. J Mol Biol. 1990 Apr 20;212(4):579–598. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90224-A. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Muto A., Andachi Y., Yuzawa H., Yamao F., Osawa S. The organization and evolution of transfer RNA genes in Mycoplasma capricolum. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 11;18(17):5037–5043. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.17.5037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Muto A., Osawa S. The guanine and cytosine content of genomic DNA and bacterial evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):166–169. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.1.166. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Muto A., Yamao F., Osawa S. The genome of Mycoplasma capricolum. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1987;34:29–58. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60492-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Oba T., Andachi Y., Muto A., Osawa S. CGG: an unassigned or nonsense codon in Mycoplasma capricolum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):921–925. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.3.921. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ohkubo S., Muto A., Kawauchi Y., Yamao F., Osawa S. The ribosomal protein gene cluster of Mycoplasma capricolum. Mol Gen Genet. 1987 Dec;210(2):314–322. doi: 10.1007/BF00325700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Peattie D. A. Direct chemical method for sequencing RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1760–1764. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1760. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Razin S. Molecular biology and genetics of mycoplasmas (Mollicutes). Microbiol Rev. 1985 Dec;49(4):419–455. doi: 10.1128/mr.49.4.419-455.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sawada M., Osawa S., Kobayashi H., Hori H., Muto A. The number of ribosomal RNA genes in Mycoplasma capricolum. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;182(3):502–504. doi: 10.1007/BF00293942. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sueoka N. CORRELATION BETWEEN BASE COMPOSITION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF PROTEIN. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Aug;47(8):1141–1149. doi: 10.1073/pnas.47.8.1141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Whitley J. C., Muto A., Finch L. R. A physical map for Mycoplasma capricolum Cal. kid with loci for all known tRNA species. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Jan 25;19(2):399–400. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.2.399. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yamao F., Iwagami S., Azumi Y., Muto A., Osawa S., Fujita N., Ishihama A. Evolutionary dynamics of tryptophan tRNAs in Mycoplasma capricolum. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 May;212(2):364–369. doi: 10.1007/BF00334708. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Yamao F., Muto A., Kawauchi Y., Iwami M., Iwagami S., Azumi Y., Osawa S. UGA is read as tryptophan in Mycoplasma capricolum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Apr;82(8):2306–2309. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.8.2306. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES