Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1991 May 11;19(9):2295–2301. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.9.2295

Physical map of the centromeric region of human chromosome 7: relationship between two distinct alpha satellite arrays.

R Wevrick 1, H F Willard 1
PMCID: PMC329433  PMID: 2041770

Abstract

A long-range physical map of the centromeric region of human chromosome 7 has been constructed in order to define the region containing sequences with potential involvement in centromere function. The map is centered around alpha satellite DNA, a family of tandemly repeated DNA forming arrays of hundreds to thousands of kilobasepairs at the primary constriction of every human chromosome. Two distinct alpha satellite arrays (the loci D7Z1 and D7Z2) have previously been localized to chromosome 7. Detailed one- and two- locus maps of the chromosome 7 centromere have been constructed. Our data indicate that D7Z1 and D7Z2 arrays are not interspersed with each other but are both present on a common Mlu I restriction fragment estimated to be 3500 kb and 5500 kb on two different chromosome 7's investigated. These long-range maps, combined with previous measurements of the D7Z1 and D7Z2 array lengths, are used to construct a consensus map of the centromere of chromosome 7. The analysis used to construct the map provides, by extension, a framework for analysis of the structure of DNA in the centromeric regions of other human and mammalian chromosomes.

Full text

PDF
2295

Images in this article

2296Image
on p.2296
2297Image
on p.2297

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Brinkley B. R. Toward a structural and molecular definition of the kinetochore. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 1990;16(2):104–109. doi: 10.1002/cm.970160204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burke D. T., Carle G. F., Olson M. V. Cloning of large segments of exogenous DNA into yeast by means of artificial chromosome vectors. Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):806–812. doi: 10.1126/science.3033825. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Clarke L. Centromeres of budding and fission yeasts. Trends Genet. 1990 May;6(5):150–154. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(90)90149-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cooke C. A., Bernat R. L., Earnshaw W. C. CENP-B: a major human centromere protein located beneath the kinetochore. J Cell Biol. 1990 May;110(5):1475–1488. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.5.1475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cremer T., Lichter P., Borden J., Ward D. C., Manuelidis L. Detection of chromosome aberrations in metaphase and interphase tumor cells by in situ hybridization using chromosome-specific library probes. Hum Genet. 1988 Nov;80(3):235–246. doi: 10.1007/BF01790091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Durfy S. J., Willard H. F. Patterns of intra- and interarray sequence variation in alpha satellite from the human X chromosome: evidence for short-range homogenization of tandemly repeated DNA sequences. Genomics. 1989 Nov;5(4):810–821. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90123-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Earnshaw W. C., Sullivan K. F., Machlin P. S., Cooke C. A., Kaiser D. A., Pollard T. D., Rothfield N. F., Cleveland D. W. Molecular cloning of cDNA for CENP-B, the major human centromere autoantigen. J Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;104(4):817–829. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.4.817. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Greig G. M., England S. B., Bedford H. M., Willard H. F. Chromosome-specific alpha satellite DNA from the centromere of human chromosome 16. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Dec;45(6):862–872. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jabs E. W., Goble C. A., Cutting G. R. Macromolecular organization of human centromeric regions reveals high-frequency, polymorphic macro DNA repeats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(1):202–206. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.1.202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jørgensen A. L., Bostock C. J., Bak A. L. Chromosome-specific subfamilies within human alphoid repetitive DNA. J Mol Biol. 1986 Jan 20;187(2):185–196. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90227-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mahtani M. M., Willard H. F. Pulsed-field gel analysis of alpha-satellite DNA at the human X chromosome centromere: high-frequency polymorphisms and array size estimate. Genomics. 1990 Aug;7(4):607–613. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90206-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Manuelidis L. Chromosomal localization of complex and simple repeated human DNAs. Chromosoma. 1978 Mar 22;66(1):23–32. doi: 10.1007/BF00285813. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Masumoto H., Masukata H., Muro Y., Nozaki N., Okazaki T. A human centromere antigen (CENP-B) interacts with a short specific sequence in alphoid DNA, a human centromeric satellite. J Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;109(5):1963–1973. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.5.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Neil D. L., Villasante A., Fisher R. B., Vetrie D., Cox B., Tyler-Smith C. Structural instability of human tandemly repeated DNA sequences cloned in yeast artificial chromosome vectors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Mar 25;18(6):1421–1428. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.6.1421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nicklas R. B. Mitosis. Adv Cell Biol. 1971;2:225–297. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9588-5_5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Oakey R., Tyler-Smith C. Y chromosome DNA haplotyping suggests that most European and Asian men are descended from one of two males. Genomics. 1990 Jul;7(3):325–330. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90165-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Prosser J., Frommer M., Paul C., Vincent P. C. Sequence relationships of three human satellite DNAs. J Mol Biol. 1986 Jan 20;187(2):145–155. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90224-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rieder C. L. The formation, structure, and composition of the mammalian kinetochore and kinetochore fiber. Int Rev Cytol. 1982;79:1–58. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61672-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rommens J. M., Zengerling S., Burns J., Melmer G., Kerem B. S., Plavsic N., Zsiga M., Kennedy D., Markiewicz D., Rozmahel R. Identification and regional localization of DNA markers on chromosome 7 for the cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1988 Nov;43(5):645–663. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tyler-Smith C. Structure of repeated sequences in the centromeric region of the human Y chromosome. Development. 1987;101 (Suppl):93–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Waye J. S., England S. B., Willard H. F. Genomic organization of alpha satellite DNA on human chromosome 7: evidence for two distinct alphoid domains on a single chromosome. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):349–356. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.349. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Waye J. S., Willard H. F. Human beta satellite DNA: genomic organization and sequence definition of a class of highly repetitive tandem DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6250–6254. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Waye J. S., Willard H. F. Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of alpha satellite repetitive DNA: a survey of alphoid sequences from different human chromosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Sep 25;15(18):7549–7569. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.18.7549. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Wevrick R., Earnshaw W. C., Howard-Peebles P. N., Willard H. F. Partial deletion of alpha satellite DNA associated with reduced amounts of the centromere protein CENP-B in a mitotically stable human chromosome rearrangement. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6374–6380. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.12.6374. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wevrick R., Willard H. F. Long-range organization of tandem arrays of alpha satellite DNA at the centromeres of human chromosomes: high-frequency array-length polymorphism and meiotic stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(23):9394–9398. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9394. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Willard H. F. Centromeres of mammalian chromosomes. Trends Genet. 1990 Dec;6(12):410–416. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(90)90302-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Willard H. F., Smith K. D., Sutherland J. Isolation and characterization of a major tandem repeat family from the human X chromosome. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 11;11(7):2017–2033. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.7.2017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES