Abstract
We have previously shown that chemical carcinogen treatment of RJK92 hamster cells activates the quiescent thymidine kinase (TK) gene and that 20% of the TK+ variants have a rearrangement in the region 5' to the TK gene (Barr et al. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 3023-3033). After cloning the wild type 5' region to obtain detailed mapping data and hybridization probes, we localized the rearrangement breakpoints by Southern blot analysis to a 1.5 kb region 6 kb 5' to the origin of transcription. This analysis also demonstrated that the rearrangements consist at least partly of a deletion of wild type sequences 5' to this breakpoint region. The region near the transcription origin in the rearranged TK genes has a DNase I-sensitive chromatin conformation and a DNase I hypersensitive site as well as the previously described domain of demethylation (Ibid.). Though this domain of demethylation extends into the breakpoint region, the rearranged region is not associated with DNase I sensitivity nor hypersensitive sites. The rearrangement also does not detectably alter the growth-related regulation of TK activity in these cells.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barr F. G., Kastan M. B., Lieberman M. W. Distribution of 5-methyldeoxycytidine in products of staphylococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei and purified DNA. Biochemistry. 1985 Mar 12;24(6):1424–1428. doi: 10.1021/bi00327a021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barr F. G., Rajagopalan S., MacArthur C. A., Lieberman M. W. Genomic hypomethylation and far-5' sequence alterations are associated with carcinogen-induced activation of the hamster thymidine kinase gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Sep;6(9):3023–3033. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.9.3023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brand A. H., Breeden L., Abraham J., Sternglanz R., Nasmyth K. Characterization of a "silencer" in yeast: a DNA sequence with properties opposite to those of a transcriptional enhancer. Cell. 1985 May;41(1):41–48. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90059-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooper D. N. Eukaryotic DNA methylation. Hum Genet. 1983;64(4):315–333. doi: 10.1007/BF00292363. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frischauf A. M., Lehrach H., Poustka A., Murray N. Lambda replacement vectors carrying polylinker sequences. J Mol Biol. 1983 Nov 15;170(4):827–842. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80190-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodbourn S., Maniatis T. Overlapping positive and negative regulatory domains of the human beta-interferon gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1447–1451. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1447. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gross D. S., Garrard W. T. Nuclease hypersensitive sites in chromatin. Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:159–197. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.001111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Groudine M., Casimir C. Post-transcriptional regulation of the chicken thymidine kinase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Feb 10;12(3):1427–1446. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.3.1427. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haluska F. G., Tsujimoto Y., Croce C. M. Oncogene activation by chromosome translocation in human malignancy. Annu Rev Genet. 1987;21:321–345. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.21.120187.001541. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hanahan D. Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557–580. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80284-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ish-Horowicz D., Burke J. F. Rapid and efficient cosmid cloning. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):2989–2998. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.13.2989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keshet I., Lieman-Hurwitz J., Cedar H. DNA methylation affects the formation of active chromatin. Cell. 1986 Feb 28;44(4):535–543. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90263-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kupersztoch-Portnoy Y. M., Lovett M. A., Helinski D. R. Strand and site specificity of the relaxation event for the relaxation complex of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R6K. Biochemistry. 1974 Dec 31;13(27):5484–5490. doi: 10.1021/bi00724a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurzrock R., Gutterman J. U., Talpaz M. The molecular genetics of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. N Engl J Med. 1988 Oct 13;319(15):990–998. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198810133191506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Landy-Otsuka F., Scheffler I. E. Enzyme induction in a temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutant of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol. 1980 Nov;105(2):209–220. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041050204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Legerski R. J., Robberson D. L. Analysis and optimization of recombinant DNA joining reactions. J Mol Biol. 1985 Jan 20;181(2):297–312. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90093-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis J. A. Structure and expression of the Chinese hamster thymidine kinase gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;6(6):1998–2010. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.6.1998. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Loenen W. A., Blattner F. R. Lambda Charon vectors (Ch32, 33, 34 and 35) adapted for DNA cloning in recombination-deficient hosts. Gene. 1983 Dec;26(2-3):171–179. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90187-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacArthur C. A., Lieberman M. W. Different types of hypersensitive sites in the mouse metallothionein gene region. J Biol Chem. 1987 Feb 15;262(5):2161–2165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Palmiter R. D., Chen H. Y., Brinster R. L. Differential regulation of metallothionein-thymidine kinase fusion genes in transgenic mice and their offspring. Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):701–710. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90186-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reeves R. Transcriptionally active chromatin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Sep 10;782(4):343–393. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(84)90044-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singer B., Kuśmierek J. T. Chemical mutagenesis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1982;51:655–693. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.003255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stewart C. J., Ito M., Conrad S. E. Evidence for transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of the cellular thymidine kinase gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Mar;7(3):1156–1163. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.3.1156. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vogelstein B., Gillespie D. Preparative and analytical purification of DNA from agarose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):615–619. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.2.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weintraub H. Assembly and propagation of repressed and depressed chromosomal states. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):705–711. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90267-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weintraub H., Larsen A., Groudine M. Alpha-Globin-gene switching during the development of chicken embryos: expression and chromosome structure. Cell. 1981 May;24(2):333–344. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90323-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]