Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1990 Feb 25;18(4):739–744. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.4.739

Heat-inducible translational coupling in Bacillus subtilis.

S Fujiwara 1, N Tsubokura 1, Y Kurusu 1, K Minami 1, Y Kobayashi 1
PMCID: PMC330321  PMID: 2107530

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis plasmid pGR71 is a promoter-probe shuttle vector derived from pUB110. The expression of the cat gene on pGR71 in B. subtilis requires the insertion of a Bacillus promoter and a ribosomal binding site (RBS) into the HindIII cloning site immediately upstream from the cat gene. A recombinant plasmid of pGR71, named pGR71-369, was obtained by a spontaneous deletion of a fragment containing most of the inserted HindIII fragment and the replication origin necessary for multiplication in Escherichia coli. The expression of the cat gene in B. subtilis cells carrying this plasmid was inducible by heat. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the upstream region of the cat gene, deletion analysis, and dot blot hybridization analysis of mRNA in various conditions revealed that the cat gene was expressed by heat-inducible translational coupling and that the regulatory region of heat inducibility was present in the upstream region of the cat gene.

Full text

PDF
739

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alton N. K., Vapnek D. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the chloramphenicol resistance transposon Tn9. Nature. 1979 Dec 20;282(5741):864–869. doi: 10.1038/282864a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arnosti D. N., Singer V. L., Chamberlin M. J. Characterization of heat shock in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1243–1249. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1243-1249.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baughman G., Nomura M. Localization of the target site for translational regulation of the L11 operon and direct evidence for translational coupling in Escherichia coli. Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):979–988. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90555-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brey R. N., Banner C. D., Wolf J. B. Cloning of multiple genes involved with cobalamin (Vitamin B12) biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium. J Bacteriol. 1986 Aug;167(2):623–630. doi: 10.1128/jb.167.2.623-630.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chang S., Cohen S. N. High frequency transformation of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts by plasmid DNA. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Jan 5;168(1):111–115. doi: 10.1007/BF00267940. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Das A., Yanofsky C. A ribosome binding site sequence is necessary for efficient expression of the distal gene of a translationally-coupled gene pair. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 11;12(11):4757–4768. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.11.4757. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ebbole D. J., Zalkin H. Cloning and characterization of a 12-gene cluster from Bacillus subtilis encoding nine enzymes for de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jun 15;262(17):8274–8287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goldfarb D. S., Doi R. H., Rodriguez R. L. Expression of Tn9-derived chloramphenicol resistance in Bacillus subtilis. Nature. 1981 Sep 24;293(5830):309–311. doi: 10.1038/293309a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Henner D. J., Band L., Shimotsu H. Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis tryptophan operon. Gene. 1985;34(2-3):169–177. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90125-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kubo M., Imanaka T. mRNA secondary structure in an open reading frame reduces translation efficiency in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1989 Jul;171(7):4080–4082. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.7.4080-4082.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lerner C. G., Stephenson B. T., Switzer R. L. Structure of the Bacillus subtilis pyrimidine biosynthetic (pyr) gene cluster. J Bacteriol. 1987 May;169(5):2202–2206. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.5.2202-2206.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mandel M., Higa A. Calcium-dependent bacteriophage DNA infection. J Mol Biol. 1970 Oct 14;53(1):159–162. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90051-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Marmur J., Lane D. STRAND SEPARATION AND SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION IN DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS: BIOLOGICAL STUDIES. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1960 Apr;46(4):453–461. doi: 10.1073/pnas.46.4.453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McKenzie T., Hoshino T., Tanaka T., Sueoka N. The nucleotide sequence of pUB110: some salient features in relation to replication and its regulation. Plasmid. 1986 Mar;15(2):93–103. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(86)90046-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Messing J., Crea R., Seeburg P. H. A system for shotgun DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):309–321. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mountain A., McChesney J., Smith M. C., Baumberg S. Gene sequence encoding early enzymes of arginine synthesis within a cluster in Bacillus subtilis, as revealed by cloning in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1986 Mar;165(3):1026–1028. doi: 10.1128/jb.165.3.1026-1028.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Neidhardt F. C., VanBogelen R. A., Vaughn V. The genetics and regulation of heat-shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 1984;18:295–329. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.18.120184.001455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Norrander J., Kempe T., Messing J. Construction of improved M13 vectors using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Gene. 1983 Dec;26(1):101–106. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90040-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Oda M., Sugishita A., Furukawa K. Cloning and nucleotide sequences of histidase and regulatory genes in the Bacillus subtilis hut operon and positive regulation of the operon. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jul;170(7):3199–3205. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.7.3199-3205.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Okamoto K., Mudd J. A., Mangan J., Huang W. M., Subbaiah T. V., Marmur J. Properties of the defective phage of Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jun 28;34(3):413–428. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90169-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Oppenheim D. S., Yanofsky C. Translational coupling during expression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. Genetics. 1980 Aug;95(4):785–795. doi: 10.1093/genetics/95.4.785. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schottel J. L., Sninsky J. J., Cohen S. N. Effects of alterations in the translation control region on bacterial gene expression: use of cat gene constructs transcribed from the lac promoter as a model system. Gene. 1984 May;28(2):177–193. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90255-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schümperli D., McKenney K., Sobieski D. A., Rosenberg M. Translational coupling at an intercistronic boundary of the Escherichia coli galactose operon. Cell. 1982 Oct;30(3):865–871. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90291-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Shaw W. V. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria. Methods Enzymol. 1975;43:737–755. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(75)43141-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Shine J., Dalgarno L. The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1342–1346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Shivakumar A. G., Dubnau D. Plasmid replication in DNA Ts mutants of Bacillus subtilis. Plasmid. 1978 Jun;1(3):405–416. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(78)90055-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shivakumar A. G., Hahn J., Dubnau D. Studies on the synthesis of plasmid-coded proteins and their control in Bacillus subtilis minicells. Plasmid. 1979 Apr;2(2):279–289. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(79)90046-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Smith H. O. Recovery of DNA from gels. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):371–380. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65048-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sor F., Bolotin-Fukuhara M., Nomura M. Mutational alterations of translational coupling in the L11 ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1987 Aug;169(8):3495–3507. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.8.3495-3507.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Sprengel R., Reiss B., Schaller H. Translationally coupled initiation of protein synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Feb 11;13(3):893–909. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.3.893. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Streips U. N., Polio F. W. Heat shock proteins in bacilli. J Bacteriol. 1985 Apr;162(1):434–437. doi: 10.1128/jb.162.1.434-437.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Tanaka T., Sakaguchi K. Construction of a recombinant plasmid composed of B. subtilis leucine genes and a B. subtilis (natto) plasmid: its use as cloning vehicle in B. subtilis 168. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Oct 24;165(3):269–276. doi: 10.1007/BF00332526. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tilly K., McKittrick N., Zylicz M., Georgopoulos C. The dnaK protein modulates the heat-shock response of Escherichia coli. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):641–646. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90396-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Tinoco I., Jr, Borer P. N., Dengler B., Levin M. D., Uhlenbeck O. C., Crothers D. M., Bralla J. Improved estimation of secondary structure in ribonucleic acids. Nat New Biol. 1973 Nov 14;246(150):40–41. doi: 10.1038/newbio246040a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Todd J. A., Hubbard T. J., Travers A. A., Ellar D. J. Heat-shock proteins during growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. FEBS Lett. 1985 Sep 2;188(2):209–214. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80373-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wang L. F., Doi R. H. Promoter switching during development and the termination site of the sigma 43 operon of Bacillus subtilis. Mol Gen Genet. 1987 Apr;207(1):114–119. doi: 10.1007/BF00331498. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Yamamoto K. R., Alberts B. M., Benzinger R., Lawhorne L., Treiber G. Rapid bacteriophage sedimentation in the presence of polyethylene glycol and its application to large-scale virus purification. Virology. 1970 Mar;40(3):734–744. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90218-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Yanofsky C. Attenuation in the control of expression of bacterial operons. Nature. 1981 Feb 26;289(5800):751–758. doi: 10.1038/289751a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Zaghloul T. I., Doi R. H. Translational coupling in Escherichia coli of a heterologous Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli gene fusion. J Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;168(2):1033–1035. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.2.1033-1035.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Zaghloul T. I., Kawamura F., Doi R. H. Translational coupling in Bacillus subtilis of a heterologous Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli gene fusion. J Bacteriol. 1985 Nov;164(2):550–555. doi: 10.1128/jb.164.2.550-555.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Zalkin H., Ebbole D. J. Organization and regulation of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 5;263(4):1595–1598. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Zyprian E., Matzura H. Characterization of signals promoting gene expression on the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB110 and development of a gram-positive expression vector system. DNA. 1986 Jun;5(3):219–225. doi: 10.1089/dna.1986.5.219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES