Table 2.

Isolated Forearm Technique responses during clinically relevant stimulation under anesthesia.

Reference	Number of patients	Number of patients responding to IFT	Percentage of patients responding	Times when responsiveness noted	Number of responsive patients with explicit recall	Percentage of IFT responders, asked about pain, with pain
Tunstall, 1977111	12	4	33%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Tunstall & Sheikh, 1989112	113	47	42%	From 2 minutes until 5 minutes post-induction	0%	N/A
Russell, 1986113	E 30	2	7% (eye opening in 17%)	N/A	0%	N/A
	N20 25	11	44% (eye opening in 36%)	N/A	4%	N/A
Russell, 1993114	32	23	72%	N/A	9%	100%
King et al., 1993115	30	29	97%	Larygoscopy (33%), Skin incision (97%), 2 minutes after skin incision (20%)	0%	83%
Gaitini et al., 1995116	K 25	K 5	K 24%	Within 13 minutes post-induction	0%	N/A
	T 25	T 13	T 52%
Russell & Wang, 1997117	35	0	0%	N/A	9%	N/A
St Pierre et al., 2000118	E0.2 10	E0.2 8	E0.2 80%	Within 7.5 minutes post-induction	6%	N/A
	E0.3 10	E0.3 7	E0.3 70%
	E0.4 10	E0.4 2	E0.4 20%
Russell & Wang, 200135	40	7	17.5%	34–125 minutes	0%	14%
Schneider et al., 200234	20	8	40%	Within 3 minutes of intubation	0%	N/A
Slavov et al., 2002119	41	10	24%	Within 1 minutes of intubation	0%	N/A
Russell, 200633	12	12	100%	N/A	44%	8%
Andrade et al., 200836	184	2	1.1%	Within 17 minutes post-induction	0%	0%

IFT = Isolated Forearm Technique. T = Thiopentone. E = Etomidate (superscript numbers refer to dose in mg/kg administered). K = Ketamine. F = Fentanyl. M = Midazolam. A = Alfentanil. P = Propofol. R = Remifentanil