Abstract
A T7 RNA transcript coding for mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was utilized as a substrate for the N6-methyladenosine mRNA methyltransferase isolated from HeLa cell nuclei. This transcript acted as a 3 fold better substrate than either prolactin mRNA or a synthetic RNA substrate which contained multiple methylation consensus sequences. Formation of internal N6-methyladenine (m6A) residues in the DHFR transcript was shown to increase slightly by the absence of a 7-methylguanine-2'-O-methyl cap structure. Using T7 transcripts from different regions of the DHFR gene, the majority of the m6A residues were localized to the coding region and a segment of the transcript just 3' to the coding region. This data suggests that DHFR mRNA contains multiple methylation sites with most of these sites concentrated in the coding region of the transcript.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adams J. M., Cory S. Modified nucleosides and bizarre 5'-termini in mouse myeloma mRNA. Nature. 1975 May 1;255(5503):28–33. doi: 10.1038/255028a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Albers R. J., Coffin B., Rottman F. M. Analysis of mRNA 5'-terminal cap structures and internal N6-methyladenosine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1981 May 1;113(1):118–123. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90053-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aloni Y., Dhar R., Khoury G. Methylation of nuclear simian virus 40 RNAs. J Virol. 1979 Oct;32(1):52–60. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.1.52-60.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Backlund P. S., Jr, Carotti D., Cantoni G. L. Effects of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors 3-deazaadenosine and 3-deazaaristeromycin on RNA methylation and synthesis. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Oct 15;160(2):245–251. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09963.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beemon K., Keith J. Localization of N6-methyladenosine in the Rous sarcoma virus genome. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):165–179. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90047-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Camper S. A., Albers R. J., Coward J. K., Rottman F. M. Effect of undermethylation on mRNA cytoplasmic appearance and half-life. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Mar;4(3):538–543. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.3.538. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Canaani D., Kahana C., Lavi S., Groner Y. Identification and mapping of N6-methyladenosine containing sequences in simian virus 40 RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Jun 25;6(8):2879–2899. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.8.2879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chen-Kiang S., Nevins J. R., Darnell J. E., Jr N-6-methyl-adenosine in adenovirus type 2 nuclear RNA is conserved in the formation of messenger RNA. J Mol Biol. 1979 Dec 15;135(3):733–752. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90174-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Desrosiers R. C., Friderici K. H., Rottman F. M. Characterization of Novikoff hepatoma mRNA methylation and heterogeneity in the methylated 5' terminus. Biochemistry. 1975 Oct 7;14(20):4367–4374. doi: 10.1021/bi00691a004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dignam J. D., Lebovitz R. M., Roeder R. G. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 11;11(5):1475–1489. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.5.1475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dimock K., Stoltzfus C. M. Sequence specificity of internal methylation in B77 avian sarcoma virus RNA subunits. Biochemistry. 1977 Feb 8;16(3):471–478. doi: 10.1021/bi00622a021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dubin D. T., Taylor R. H. The methylation state of poly A-containing messenger RNA from cultured hamster cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1975 Oct;2(10):1653–1668. doi: 10.1093/nar/2.10.1653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finkel D., Groner Y. Methylations of adenosine residues (m6A) in pre-mRNA are important for formation of late simian virus 40 mRNAs. Virology. 1983 Dec;131(2):409–425. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90508-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y., LaFiandra A., Shatkin A. J. 5'-Terminal structure and mRNA stability. Nature. 1977 Mar 17;266(5599):235–239. doi: 10.1038/266235a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y., Morgan M., Shatkin A. J., Jelinek W., Salditt-Georgieff M., Darnell J. E. Methylated, blocked 5 termini in HeLa cell mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 May;72(5):1904–1908. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.5.1904. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green M. R., Maniatis T., Melton D. A. Human beta-globin pre-mRNA synthesized in vitro is accurately spliced in Xenopus oocyte nuclei. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):681–694. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90054-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haugland R. A., Cline M. G. Post-transcriptional modifications of oat coleoptile ribonucleic acids. 5'-Terminal capping and methylation of internal nucleosides in poly(A)-rich RNA. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Feb;104(1):271–277. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04425.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horowitz S., Horowitz A., Nilsen T. W., Munns T. W., Rottman F. M. Mapping of N6-methyladenosine residues in bovine prolactin mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep;81(18):5667–5671. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.18.5667. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kane S. E., Beemon K. Inhibition of methylation at two internal N6-methyladenosine sites caused by GAC to GAU mutations. J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 5;262(7):3422–3427. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kane S. E., Beemon K. Precise localization of m6A in Rous sarcoma virus RNA reveals clustering of methylation sites: implications for RNA processing. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Sep;5(9):2298–2306. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.9.2298. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kennedy T. D., Lane B. G. Wheat embryo ribonucleates. XIII. Methyl-substituted nucleoside constituents and 5'-terminal dinucleotide sequences in bulk poly(AR)-rich RNA from imbibing wheat embryos. Can J Biochem. 1979 Jun;57(6):927–931. doi: 10.1139/o79-112. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lavi S., Shatkin A. J. Methylated simian virus 40-specific RNA from nuclei and cytoplasm of infected BSC-1 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2012–2016. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2012. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moss B., Gershowitz A., Stringer J. R., Holland L. E., Wagner E. K. 5'-Terminal and internal methylated nucleosides in herpes simplex virus type 1 mRNA. J Virol. 1977 Aug;23(2):234–239. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.2.234-239.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Narayan P., Rottman F. M. An in vitro system for accurate methylation of internal adenosine residues in messenger RNA. Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1159–1162. doi: 10.1126/science.3187541. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perry R. P., Kelley D. E., Friderici K., Rottman F. The methylated constituents of L cell messenger RNA: evidence for an unusual cluster at the 5' terminus. Cell. 1975 Apr;4(4):387–394. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90159-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stoltzfus C. M., Dane R. W. Accumulation of spliced avian retrovirus mRNA is inhibited in S-adenosylmethionine-depleted chicken embryo fibroblasts. J Virol. 1982 Jun;42(3):918–931. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.3.918-931.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wei C. M., Gershowitz A., Moss B. 5'-Terminal and internal methylated nucleotide sequences in HeLa cell mRNA. Biochemistry. 1976 Jan 27;15(2):397–401. doi: 10.1021/bi00647a024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wei C. M., Moss B. Nucleotide sequences at the N6-methyladenosine sites of HeLa cell messenger ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1977 Apr 19;16(8):1672–1676. doi: 10.1021/bi00627a023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]