Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Knee Arthroplasty Patients.
| Characteristic | Nondelirious (N=79) |
Delirious (N=27) |
p-Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age ± SD | 73.7 ± 5.1 | 72.9 ± 4.9 | 0.4832 |
| Female Sex, n (%) | 41 (51.9) | 18 (66.7) | 0.1824 |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 73 (92.4) | 23 (85.2) | 0.2679 |
| ASA1 Score=3 (vs 2), n (%) | 48 (60.8) | 15 (55.6) | 0.6345 |
| MMSE5 ± SD | 29.2 ± 1.4 | 29.1 ± 1.1 | 0.2601 |
| Education (years) ± SD | 14.9 ± 3.2 | 14.5 ± 3 | 0.6194 |
| Received General Anesthesia, n (%) | 32 (40.5) | 7 (25.9) | 0.1750 |
| Procedure on Left Knee, n (%) | 43 (54.4) | 13 (48.1) | 0.5724 |
| TKA7 Revision Procedure, n (%) | 7 (8.9) | 1 (3.7) | 0.3812 |
| Body Mass Index ± SD | 31.1 ± 7.3 | 31.9 ± 7.2 | 0.5281 |
| Preop Hemoglobin (g/dl) ± SD | 13.4 ± 0.2 | 12.8 ± 0.3 | 0.0476 |
| Preop Oxygen Saturation ± SD | 96.9 ± 1.6 | 97 ± 1.6 | 0.4173 |
| Number of Preop Comorbidities ± SD | 3 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 0.5424 |
| Coronary Artery Disease, n (%) | 12 (15.2) | 6 (22.2) | 0.4008 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 9 (11.4) | 5 (18.5) | 0.3451 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 58 (73.4) | 23 (85.2) | 0.2137 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 35 (44.3) | 12 (44.4) | 0.9899 |
| Sleep Apnea, n (%) | 7 (8.9) | 8 (29.6) | 0.0123 |
| BPH2, n (%) | 15 (19) | 2 (7.4) | 0.15699 |
| Incontinence, n (%) | 9 (11.4) | 6 (22.2) | 0.1634 |
| GERD4, n (%) | 26 (32.9) | 11 (40.7) | 0.4612 |
| Higher DRS-R983 Total, POD6 2,3 ± SD | 3.7 ± 3.6 | 16.1 ± 5.6 | <.0001 |
| Higher DRS-R98 Severity Score, POD2,3 ± SD | 2.1 ± 2 | 10.7 ± 5 | <.0001 |
*
p-value from Pearson chi-square or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test of association between comorbidity and any postoperative delirium
1
American Society of Anesthesiologists
2
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
3
Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98
4
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder
5
Mini-mental state examination
6
Postoperative Day
7
Total Knee Arthroplasty