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The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research logoLink to The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research
. 1994 Winter;3(1):37–43.

A Linguistic Model of Psychotherapeutic Listening

GEORGE J MAKARI 1, THEODORE SHAPIRO 1
PMCID: PMC3330355  PMID: 22700172

Abstract

Linguistic principles can be employed to formalize the ways in which we register unconscious communication in the psychodynamic psychotherapeutic process. The authors describe this process of gathering unconscious data as one of attention to narrativity, idiosyncratic semanticity, form, and interactive discursive elements. Based on this framework, the authors propose some fundamental tenets of psychodynamic listening.

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