Table 1.
Discharge characteristics
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | Congestive Heart Failure | Pneumonia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black (n=42,401) | White (n=537,091) | Black (n=149,758) | White (n=1,197,010) | Black (n=84,522) | White (n=1,152,229) | ||
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 76 (70, 83) | 78 (71, 84) | 76 (70, 83) | 81 (74, 86) | 77 (71, 84) | 80 (73, 86) | |
| Female sex | 24,894 (59%) | 263,532 (49%) | 91,519 (61%) | 662,235 (55%) | 48,822 (58%) | 631,130 (55%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Diabetes without complications | 12,530 (30%) | 119,344 (22%) | 50,954 (34%) | 311,741 (26%) | 24,196 (29%) | 231,498 (20%) | |
| Diabetes with complications | 2,704 (6%) | 20,184 (4%) | 11,730 (8%) | 65,701 (5%) | 4,598 (5%) | 36,092 (3%) | |
| Hypertension | 28,044 (66%) | 310,656 (58%) | 106,340 (71)% | 673,720 (56%) | 56,488 (67%) | 616,288 (53%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13,057 (31%) | 96,278 (18%) | 57,657 (39%) | 331,653 (28%) | 19,247 (23%) | 146,863 (13%) | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 8,015 (19%) | 117,922 (22%) | 47,266 (32%) | 412,000 (34%) | 33,231 (39%) | 574,759 (50%) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 472 (1%) | 7,092 (1%) | 2,305 (2%) | 25,893 (2%) | 3,883 (5%) | 85,600 (7%) | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3,833 (9%) | 46,817 (9%)* | 10,977 (7%) | 86,583 (7%)* | 4,585 (5%) | 57,456 (5%) | |
| Depression | 708 (2%) | 17,658 (3%) | 3,535 (2%) | 55,021 (5%) | 3,061 (4%) | 84,405 (7%) | |
| Obesity | 1,672 (4%) | 18,928 (4%) | 9,006 (6%) | 43,903 (4%) | 2,791 (3%) | 24,781 (2%) | |
| Other Patient Characteristics | |||||||
| Medicaid eligible | 17,482 (41%) | 82,624 (16%) | 69,201 (46%) | 239,111 (20%) | 43,258 (51%) | 264,941 (23%) | |
| Discharged from MSH | 17,212 (41%) | 32,895 (6%) | 65,596 (44%) | 72,790 (6%) | 34,703 (41%) | 61,227 (5%) | |
| Length of stay, days (median, IQR) | 5 (3, 9) | 4 (3, 8) | 4 (3, 7) | 4 (3, 6) | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 7) | |
| Died between discharge and 30d† | 708 (2%) | 17,658 (3%) | 4,345 (3%) | 60,719 (5%) | 4,041 (5%) | 59,433 (5%)* | |
| Discharge destination | Home | 29,644 (70%) | 384,443 (72%) | 114,224 (76%) | 849,146 (71%) | 52,097 (62%) | 739,796 (64%) |
| SNF/rehab | 11,328 (27%) | 133,955 (25%) | 31,822 (21%) | 309,656 (26%) | 29,902 (35%) | 378,902 (33%) | |
| Hospice | 1,066 (3%) | 15,159 (3%) | 2,419 (2%) | 31,152 (2%) | 1,886 (2%) | 26,802 (2%) | |
| Other‡ | 334 (1%) | 3,150 (1%) | 1,233 (1%) | 6,550 (1%) | 585 (1%) | 5,929 (1%) | |
IQR=interquartile range. MSH=minority-serving hospital. SNF=skilled nursing facility.
*
=p is nonsignificant. All other p values less than 0.001. P values were generated using chi-square tests for categorical variables, and using Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables.
†
=excludes patients who were readmitted prior to dying.
‡
=includes psychiatric facilities, specialty hospitals, and unknown.