Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1976 Oct;58(4):980–988. doi: 10.1172/JCI108552

Selective inhibition of osmotic water flow by general anesthetics to toad urinary bladder.

S D Levine, R D Levine, R E Worthington, R M Hays
PMCID: PMC333262  PMID: 184113

Abstract

Vasopressin increases the permeability of the total urinary bladder, an analogue of the mammalian renal collecting duct, to water and small solutes, especially the amide urea. We have observed that three general anesthetic agents of clinical importance, the gases methoxyflurane and halothane and the ultrashortacting barbiturate methohexital, reversibly inhibit vasopressin-stimulated water flow, but do not depress permeability to urea, or the the lipophilic solute diphenylhydantoin. In contrast to their effects in vasopressin-treated bladders, the anesthetics do not inhibit cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow, consistent with an effect on vasopressin-responsive adenylate cyclase. The selectivity of the anesthetic-induced depression of water flow suggests that separate adenylate cyclases and cyclic AMP pools may exist for control of water and urea permeabilities in to toad bladder. Furthermore, theophylline's usual stimulatory effect on water flow, but not its effect on urea permeability, was entirely abolished in methoxyflurane-treated bladders, suggesting that separate phosphodiesterases that control water and urea permeabilities are present as well. We conclude that the majority of water and urea transport takes place via separate pathways across the rate-limiting luminal membrane of the bladder cell, and that separate vasopressin-responsive cellular pools of cyclic AMP appear to control permeability to water and to urea.

Full text

PDF
980

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANDERSEN B., USSING H. H. Solvent drag on non-electrolytes during osmotic flow through isolated toad skin and its response to antidiuretic hormone. Acta Physiol Scand. 1957 Jun 8;39(2-3):228–239. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01425.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andreoli T. E., Schafer J. A. Mass transport across cell membranes: the effects of antidiuretic hormone on water and solute flows in epithelia. Annu Rev Physiol. 1976;38:451–500. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.002315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Argy W. P., Jr, Handler J. S., Orloff J. Ca++ and Mg++ effects on toad bladder response to cyclic AMP, theophylline, and ADH analogues. Am J Physiol. 1967 Sep;213(3):803–808. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.3.803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BENTLEY P. J. The effects of neurohypophysial extracts on the water transfer across the wall of the isolated urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus. J Endocrinol. 1958 Sep;17(3):201–209. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0170201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Crandell W. B., Pappas S. G., Macdonald A. Nephrotoxicity associated with methoxyflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1966 Sep-Oct;27(5):591–607. doi: 10.1097/00000542-196609000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Flores J., Witkum P. A., Beckman B., Sharp G. W. Stimulation of osmotic water flow in toad bladder by prostaglandin E1. Evidence for different compartments of cyclic AMP. J Clin Invest. 1975 Aug;56(2):256–262. doi: 10.1172/JCI108088. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Franki N., Einhorn R., Hays R. M. Selective inhibition of urea transport by oxidizing agents. Evidence for a site of inhibition behond the generation of cyclic AMP. J Membr Biol. 1975;25(3-4):327–339. doi: 10.1007/BF01868582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Frascino J. A., Vanamee P., Rosen P. P. Renal oxalosis and azotemia after methoxyflurane anesthesia. N Engl J Med. 1970 Sep 24;283(13):676–679. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197009242831304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gingerich R., Wright P. H., Paradise R. R. Inhibition by halothane of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pieces of rat pancreas. Anesthesiology. 1974 May;40(5):449–452. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197405000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Grey D., Ullmann E. The influence of anaesthetics on the increase in the water permeability of the toad bladder induced by vasopressin. Br J Pharmacol. 1974 Jan;50(1):131–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09600.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Iwatsuki N., Iwatsuki K. Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on contractile performance of isolated heart muscle depressed by thiamylal and halothane. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1974 Aug;113(4):357–363. doi: 10.1620/tjem.113.357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Levine S. D., Franki N., Einhorn R., Hays R. M. Vasopressin-stimulated movement of drugs and uric acid across the toad urinary bladder. Kidney Int. 1976 Jan;9(1):30–35. doi: 10.1038/ki.1976.4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Levine S., Franki N., Hays R. M. Effect of phloretin on water and solute movement in the toad bladder. J Clin Invest. 1973 Jun;52(6):1435–1442. doi: 10.1172/JCI107317. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. MAFFLY R. H., HAYS R. M., LAMDIN E., LEAF A. The effect of neurohypophyseal hormones on the permeability of the toad bladder to urea. J Clin Invest. 1960 Apr;39:630–641. doi: 10.1172/JCI104078. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mazze R. I., Trudell J. R., Cousins M. J. Methoxyflurane metabolism and renal dysfunction: clinical correlation in man. Anesthesiology. 1971 Sep;35(3):247–252. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197109000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. ORLOFF J., HANDLER J. S. THE CELLULAR MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE. Am J Med. 1964 May;36:686–697. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(64)90180-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Omachi R. S., Robbie D. E., Handler J. S., Orloff J. Effects of ADH and other agents on cyclic AMP accumulation in toad bladder epithelium. Am J Physiol. 1974 May;226(5):1152–1157. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.5.1152. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. PETERSEN M. J., EDELMAN I. S. CALCIUM INHIBITION OF THE ACTION OF VASOPRESSIN ON THE URINARY BLADDER OF THE TOAD. J Clin Invest. 1964 Apr;43:583–594. doi: 10.1172/JCI104943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Pietras R. J., Wright E. M. The membrane action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on toad urinary bladder. J Membr Biol. 1975;22(2):107–123. doi: 10.1007/BF01868166. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shuchter S. H., Franki N., Hays R. M. The effect of tanning agents on the permeability of the toad bladder to water and solutes. J Membr Biol. 1973 Dec 31;14(2):177–191. doi: 10.1007/BF01868076. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sprague D. H., Yang J. C., Ngai S. H. Effects of isoflurane and halothane on contractility and the cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate system in the rat aorta. Anesthesiology. 1974 Feb;40(2):162–167. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197402000-00013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Taves D. R., Fry B. W., Freeman R. B., Gillies A. J. Toxicity following methoxyflurane anesthesia. II. Fluoride concentrations in nephrotoxicity. JAMA. 1970 Oct 5;214(1):91–95. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES