Abstract Abstract
An inventory of the woodlice fauna of the former USSR yielded 190 species, 64 of them were recorded from the territory of Russia. According to the cartographic analysis, the limits of distribution of epigean terrestrial isopods over the area, excluding mountains, is explained by temperature. No woodlice records were found outside the isocline of 120 days a year with the mean daily air temperature >10°C. The highest species diversity was found between the isoclines of 180 and 210 days. These areas correspond to forest-steppe and steppe zones.
Keywords: Woodlice, mean annual airtemperature, database, Russia
Introduction
Studies of spatial differentiation of various taxa are among the most important frontiers of modern biogeography. For some well-studied groups, mainly, vertebrates and plants, such trends are already discovered (Loiselle et al. 2003; Guisan and Thuiller 2005; Grenouillet et al. 2011), but for soil-dwelling invertebrates they are only at the stage of species inventory. However, there are certain groups of invertebrates for which analysis of spatial differentiation is already possible due to the large number of records from different geographical localities. Woodlice are among such groups.
There is no faunistic list of terrestrial isopods for the territory of the former USSR until now, as well as of the territory of Russia. However, there are extensive regional lists (Borutzky 1948, 1953; Zalesskaya and Rybalov 1982; Khisametdinova 2007; Gongalsky and Kuznetsova 2011), and numerous records scattered in the literature devoted to soil macrofauna. At the same time, there are only a few ecological studies about factors affecting woodlice distribution over regions of the former USSR (Gongalsky et al. 2005; Khisametdinova 2009).
The aim of the study is to determine the factors affecting woodlice distribution over the plain area of the former Soviet Union. To achieve this, an inventory of species distribution across the study area was made. The task was to create a database indicating locations with woodlice presence/absence overlaid with several environmental variables values distribution.
Material and methods
Database
The first step was to compile a list of species for the study area. We made a database of isopod presence or absence in the locations across the whole territory of the former USSR (both plains and mountains). For each record the database includes information about date, data source, geographical coordinates, location, isopod species list or information about woodlice absence in the soil fauna list, biotope, and natural zone.
Three types of information sources of terrestrial isopod locations were used: i) available literature on soil fauna surveys; ii) collections of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia) and the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St.-Petersburg, Russia); and iii) authors’ personal collections. Here we provide a list of woodlice from the territory of the former USSR since some species and localities were not included in the list of Schmalfuss (2003), although it covered the majority of species. To work with regional databases, a specific list would be useful. Since such a list for this area did not exist, the proposed compilation would be a start to be completed in the future. We used the taxonomic system proposed by Schmalfuss (2003) for species naming. Isopod absence was recorded only in extensively surveyed locations.
For cartographic analysis, 259 locations were chosen, 44 of which with woodlice absence. Due to the difficulty of tracing ecological trends in the mountains, only plain territories were involved into the analysis. Some species were excluded from the analysis: i) synanthropic species and ii) species inhabiting azonal locations, such as sea coasts, caves and anthills.
Then database records with isopod presence or absence locations were laid on the geographic maps to perform cartographic analysis.
Cartographic analysis
The map of woodlice distribution was visually compared with the maps of environmental factors (mean annual temperature; the period with temperature above 10°C; mean precipitation; permafrost distribution; soil pH and soil type; vegetation type; natural zones) found in the Agricultural Atlas of the USSR (Tulupnikov 1960) and the Geographical Atlas of the USSR (Kolosova 1980). The data were verified using the WorldClim database (Hijmans et al. 2005).
The database is maintained in MS Excel. Cartographic analysis is done in MapInfo 8.5.
Results and discussion
Limits of isopod distribution
Woodlice have not been recorded northwards the isocline of 120 days a year with temperature >10°C (Fig. 1). The northern border of woodlice distribution matches the distribution of this parameter. Other parameters did not coincide with isopod distribution as well as with this isocline (data not shown).
Figure 1.
Map of woodlice presence or absence over the plain territory of the former USSR. The duration of period with temperature >10°C is adapted from Geographical Atlas of the USSR (Kolosova 1980).
Species diversity
In total, 190 species were recorded from the territory of the former USSR (Appendix 1). Among them, 64 were recorded from the territory of Russia. Northernmost natural zone with woodlice records is southern taiga. No woodlice records were in tundra, northern and middle taiga. The species diversity increases southwards, but decreases in the deserts. However, this may be due to the low number of locations extensively studied to reveal local faunas.
Distribution of isopods is known to be limited by natural factors, such as temperature and moisture (Harding and Sutton 1985, Hopkin 1991). In our study, the limiting factor of woodlice distribution towards the north turned out to be the length of the warm period, expressed as number of days when the temperature was above 10°C. The highest species diversity was observed between isoclines of 180 and 210 days with temperature >10°C. Colder conditions slow down their physiological processes (Hopkin 1991) and limit their distribution. For a better understanding of distribution of woodlice, a Species Distribution Modeling (Elith and Leathwick 2009, Franklin 2009) should be applied, which is a next step in the analysis of the database of Russian isopods.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Dr H. Schmalfuss and Dr Ch. Schmidt for the help with isopod identifications, and to Dr K.G. Mikhailov and Dr B.V. Mezhov for allowing working with crustacean material kept at Zoological Museum of Moscow State University.
The study is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 11-04-00245) and the Program “Biodiversity” of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Appendix 1
List of woodlice species from the territory of the former USSR. Abbreviations: Ab – Abkhazia, Ar – Armenia, Az – Azerbaijan, Bl – Belarus, Ge – Georgia, Kz – Kazakhstan, Kg – Kyrgyzstan, Lt – Lithuania, Md – Moldova, Ru – Russia, Td – Tajikistan, Tu – Turkmenistan, Ua – Ukraine, Uz – Uzbekistan; S, N, W, E – south, north, west, east. References to authorships of the species can be found in Schmalfuss and Wolf-Schwenninger (2002).
| 1 | Acaeroplastes kosswigi Verhoeff, 1941 | Az: Nabran’ |
| 2 | Agabiformius orientalis (Dollfus, 1905) | Ru: Volgograd region |
| 3 | Armadillidium azerbaidzhanum Schmalfuss, 1990 | Ar: Khastarak; Az: Baku, Adjikend, Drmbon, Lenkoran, Salyany, Sheki; Ge: Kakhetia, Vashlovan; Ru: Rostov, Stavropol regions, N Osetia |
| 4 | Armadillidium granulatum Brandt, 1833 | Ru: Krasnodar region; Ua: S Crimea |
| 5 | Armadillidium nasatum Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ru: Moscow; Ab: Sukhum |
| 6 | Armadillidium opacum (C.Koch, 1841) | Ua: Kiev |
| 7 | Armadillidium pallasii Brandt, 1833 | Ab: Sukhum; Ua: Crimea, Odessa; Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 8 | Armadillidium pictum Brandt, 1833 | Ua: Crimea |
| 9 | Armadillidium pulchellum (Zenker, 1798) | Lt: Vilnius |
| 10 | Armadillidium traiani Demianowicz, 1932 | Md |
| 11 | Armadillidium versicolor Stein, 1859 | Ru: Penza, Saratov, Tula regions |
| 12 | Armadillidium vulgare Latreille, 1804 | Ab: Sukhum; Az; Ge: Adygeni, Tbilisi; Ru: Dagestan, Krasnodar, Kaluga, Volgograd, Rostov regions; Ua: Crimea, Kiev, Odessa |
| 13 | Armadillidium zenckeri Brandt, 1833 | Ua: Crimea, Zakaspyisk region |
| 14 | Armadillo alievi Schmalfuss, 1990 | Az: Baku, Kobustan |
| 15 | Armadillo officinalis Dumeril, 1816 | Ru: Krasnodar region; Ua: S Crimea, Odessa |
| 16 | Armadilloniscus ellipticus (Harger, 1878) | Ru: Krasnodar region; Ab: Gagry |
| 17 | Borutzkyella revasi (Borutzky, 1973) | Ab: Gudauty region |
| 18 | Buddelundiella cataractae Verhoeff, 1930 | Ge: Tskhaltubo |
| 19 | Caucasocyphonethes cavaticus Borutzky, 1948 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 20 | Caucasoligidium cavernicola Borutzky, 1950 | Ab: Gudauty, Sukhum; Ge: Gogolety |
| 21 | Caucasonethes borutzkyi Verhoeff, 1932 | Ge: Tskhaltubo |
| 22 | Chaetophiloscia cellaria Dollfus, 1884 | Ru: Rostov region |
| 23 | Chaetophiloscia elongata Dollfus, 1884 | Ua: Crimea |
| 24 | Chaetophiloscia hastata Verhoeff, 1929 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 25 | Colchidoniscus kutaissianus Borutzky, 1974 | Ge: Tskhaltubo |
| 26 | Cylisticoides angulatus Schmalfuss, 2003 | Az: Istisu, Lenkoran, Yardymly; Kz: Astana; Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 27 | Cylisticus albomaculatus Borutzky, 1957 | Ru: Rostov, Voronezh, Volgograd regions |
| 28 | Cylisticus arnoldii Borutzky, 1961 | Ua: Kharkov, Zmiev |
| 29 | Cylisticus birsteini Borutzky, 1961 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 30 | Cylisticus caucasius Verhoeff, 1917 | Ab: Gudauty, Gagry, Kelassuri, Sukhum; Ge: Kutaisi, Tkibuli, Tskhaltubo, Shovi; Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 31 | Cylisticus convexus De Geer, 1778 | Ru: Chelyabinsk, Kaluga, Moscow, Rostov, Voronezh regions, Ua: S Crimea, Kiev |
| 32 | Cylisticus cretaceus Borutzky, 1957 | Ru: Rostov region; Ua: Lugansk region |
| 33 | Cylisticus desertorum Borutzky, 1957 | Ru: Rostov, Stavropol regions; Ua |
| 34 | Cylisticus giljarovi Borutzky, 1977 | Ru: Adygea, Stavropol, Krasnodar regions, N Osetia |
| 35 | Cylisticus iners Budde-Lund, 1880 | Ar: Azizbekov, Leninakan, Tshakhkavan; Az: Airidja, Mardakert, Zakatalinsk regions; Ru: Chechnya; Ge: Manglisi, Shuahevi |
| 36 | Cylisticus lencoranensis Borutzky, 1977 | Az: Prishib |
| 37 | Cylisticus mitis Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ge: Kutaisi |
| 38 | Cylisticus orientalis Borutzky, 1939 | Ru: Orenburg region |
| 39 | Cylisticus rotabilis Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ua: S Crimea |
| 40 | Cylisticus sarmaticus Borutzky, 1977 | Ru: Rostov region; Ua: Zaporozhye region |
| 41 | Cylisticus silvestris Borutzky, 1957 | Ru: Moscow, Rostov, Stavropol regions |
| 42 | Cylisticus strouhali Borutzky, 1977 | Ar: W Vanadzor, Spitaki |
| 43 | Desertoniscus birsteini Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 44 | Desertoniscus bulbifrons Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 45 | Desertoniscus elongatus Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 46 | Desertoniscus kirghizicus Borutzky, 1978 | Kg |
| 47 | Desertoniscus reductus Borutzky, 1978 | Td |
| 48 | Desertoniscus subterraneus Verhoeff, 1930 | Kg; Tu: (Kizil-arvat); Td: Samgar massif |
| 49 | Desertoniscus tekinus Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 50 | Desertoniscus zhelochovtzevi Borutzky, 1945 | Uz |
| 51 | Detonella papillicornis (Richardson, 1904) | Ru: Kamchatka, Sakhalin regions |
| 52 | Halophiloscia couchii (Kinahan, 1858) | Ru: Krasnodar region; Ua: Crimea |
| 53 | Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund, 1880 | Ru: Krasnodar, Rostov regions |
| 54 | Hemilepistoides messerianus Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 55 | Hemilepistus buddelundi Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 56 | Hemilepistus communis Borutzky, 1945 | Td: Samgar massif |
| 57 | Hemilepistus crenulatus (Pallas, 1771) | Td: Samgar massif; Tu: Central Karakum, Kyzyl-Arvat; Uz: Zakaspiysk, Fergana regions; Kg |
| 58 | Hemilepistus cristatus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Tu: Kyzyl-Arvat |
| 59 | Hemilepistus elongatus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ru: Rostov, Stavropol regions; Tu: SW part |
| 60 | Hemilepistus fedtschenkoi (Uljanin, 1875) | Kz: Semipalatinsk;Tu: Krasnovodsk; Uz: Bukhara, Samarkand, Syrdaryinsk, Zakaspyisk regions |
| 61 | Hemilepistus heptneri Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 62 | Hemilepistus klugii (Brandt, 1833) | Az: Baku |
| 63 | Hemilepistus magnus Borutzky, 1945 | Uz |
| 64 | Hemilepistus nodosus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Tu; Kz |
| 65 | Hemilepistus pavlovskii Borutzky, 1954 | Kz |
| 66 | Hemilepistus reductus Borutzky, 1945 | Uz: Bukhara, Samarkand, Syrdaryinsk regions |
| 67 | Hemilepistus rhinoceros Borutzky, 1958 | Kz |
| 68 | Hemilepistus ruderalis (Pallas, 1771) | Ru: Volgograd region; Kz: Djanybek |
| 69 | Hemilepistus russonovae Borutzky, 1951 | Az: Baku |
| 70 | Hemilepistus zachvatkini Verhoeff, 1930 | Td: Samgar massif |
| 71 | Hyloniscus riparius C. Koch, 1838 | Ru: Moscow, Penza, Pskov, Rostov, Tula regions; Ua: Kiev region |
| 72 | Leptotrichus panzerii (Audonin, 1826) | Ua: Crimea |
| 73 | Leptotrichus tauricus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ua: Crimea |
| 74 | Ligia cinerascens Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ru: Kurily islands |
| 75 | Ligia italica Fabricius, 1798 | Ua: Crimea |
| 76 | Ligia pallasii Brandt, 1833 | Kadakh? |
| 77 | Ligidium birsteini Borutzky, 1950 | Ab: Gagry |
| 78 | Ligidium cavaticum Borutzky, 1950 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 79 | Ligidium fragile Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ab: Sukhum |
| 80 | Ligidium germanicum Verhoeff, 1901 | Md |
| 81 | Ligidium hypnorum Cuvier, 1792 | Ab: Sukhum; Bl: Belovezha National Park; Ru: Tver, Kaluga, Moscow regions; Ua: Crimea, Kiev |
| 82 | Ligidium margaritae Borutzky, 1955 | Kz: Alma-Ata |
| 83 | Ligidium nodulosum Verhoeff, 1918 | Ab: Gagry |
| 84 | Ligidium shadini Borutzky, 1948 | Td |
| 85 | Ligidium tauricum Verhoeff, 1930 | Ua: Crimea |
| 86 | Ligidium zaitzevi Borutzky, 1950 | Ab: Sukhum |
| 87 | Ligidium zernovi Borutzky, 1948 | Kg |
| 88 | Mingrelloniscus inchhuricus Borutzky, 1974 | Ge: Megrelia |
| 89 | Nagurus matekini Borutzky, 1959 | Kg |
| 90 | Oniscus asellus Linne, 1758 | Lt: Vilnius; Ru: Pskov region; Ua: Kiev |
| 91 | Parcylisticus armenicus Borutzky, 1970 | Ar: Daralagez |
| 92 | Parcylisticus dentifrons Budde-Lund, 1885 | Az: Kutkashen; Ge: Manglisi; Ru: Astrakhan, Stavropol regions, Chechnya, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, N Osetia; Ua: Crimea |
| 93 | Parcylisticus georgianus Schmalfuss, 2003 | Ge: Adigeni, Batumi, Kutaisi, Mestia |
| 94 | Parcylisticus golovatchi Schmalfuss, 2003 | Az: Shikahokh |
| 95 | Parcylisticus mrovdaghicus (Borutzky, 1970) | Az: Avash, Dashsalty, Kelbadjar, Kirovobad, Lenkoran, Zuvand |
| 96 | Parcylisticus urartuensis Borutzky, 1970 | Ar |
| 97 | Parcylisticus zangezuricus Borutzky, 1970 | Ar |
| 98 | Platyarthrus armenicus Borutzky, 1976 | Ar: Megri |
| 99 | Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 100 | Platyarthrus luppovae Borutzky, 1953 | Td |
| 101 | Platyarthrus mesasiaticus Borutzky, 1976 | Tu |
| 102 | Platyarthrus ocellatus Borutzky, 1953 | Td |
| 103 | Platyarthrus schoblii Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ua: Crimea |
| 104 | Porcellio bistriatus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ab: Sukhum; Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 105 | Porcellio crassicornis C. Koch, 1841 | Bl: Minsk |
| 106 | Porcellio dilatatus Brandt, 1833 | Ar: Sevan |
| 107 | Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804 | Ab: Sukhum; Ru: Altay, Kalmykia, Moscow, Primorie, Rostov regions; Ua: S Crimea, Odessa; Uz: Bukhara region |
| 108 | Porcellio lamellatus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ua: Crimea |
| 109 | Porcellio obsoletus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ua: S Crimea |
| 110 | Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804 | Bl: Belovezha, Berezinsky reserves; Lt: Vilnius; Ru: Belgorod, Kaluga, Moscow, Nizhni Novgorod, Primorie, Rostov regions, Kamchatka, S Kuruly islands, Sakhalin; Ua: Kiev, Kremenetz, Vinnickaya region (Yampol’) |
| 111 | Porcellio spinicornis Say, 1818 | Bl: Minsk; Lt: Vilnius; Md; Ru: Kaluga, Leningrad, Moscow Pskov regions; Ua: Kiev |
| 112 | Porcellio uljanini Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ua: Crimea |
| 113 | Porcellio variabilis Lucas, 1849 | Ua: Crimea |
| 114 | Porcellionides approximatus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Md; Ru: Stavropol region; Ua: Crimea |
| 115 | Porcellionides linearis (Budde-Lund, 1885) | Uz: Nukus |
| 116 | Porcellionides pruinosus Brandt, 1833 | Ab: Sukhum; Ar: Shorzha; Az: Baku, Khachmas, Nabran; Ru: Baikal, Volgograd, Krasnodar region, Moscow, Rostov, Saratov regions; Ua: Crimea |
| 117 | Porcellionides rectifrons (Budde-Lund, 1885) | Ua: Crimea |
| 118 | Porcellium collicola (Verhoeff, 1907) | Md |
| 119 | Porcellium conspersum C. Koch, 1841 | Bl: Belovezha Reserve; Ua |
| 120 | Protracheoniscus abricossovi Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 121 | Protracheoniscus alabashensis Borutzky, 1959 | Kg |
| 122 | Protracheoniscus almaatinus Borutzky, 1975 | Kz: Alma-Ata |
| 123 | Protracheoniscus anatolii Borutzky, 1959 | Kg |
| 124 | Protracheoniscus armenicus Borutzky, 1975 | Ge: Megri |
| 125 | Protracheoniscus asiaticus (Uljanin, 1875) | Ru: Moscow, Nizhni Novgorod, Rostov, Ryazan’ regions; Td: Smagar massif |
| 126 | Protracheoniscus atrecicus Borutzky, 1945 | Tu: Bugdaily |
| 127 | Protracheoniscus bugdajliensis Borutzky, 1975 | Tu: Bugdaily |
| 128 | Protracheoniscus cristatus Borutzky, 1945 | Az: Lenkoran, Sara isl.; Tu |
| 129 | Protracheoniscus darevskii Borutzky, 1975 | Ar: Megri |
| 130 | Protracheoniscus delilensis Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 131 | Protracheoniscus desertorum Verhoeff, 1930 | Turkestan? |
| 132 | Protracheoniscus digitifer Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 133 | Protracheoniscus fossuliger Verhoff, 1901 | Ru: Krasnodar, Rostov regions |
| 134 | Protracheoniscus giljarovi Borutzky, 1957 | Ru: Rostov region; Ua: Lugansk region |
| 135 | Protracheoniscus gissarensis Borutzky, 1975 | Td: Dushanbe |
| 136 | Protracheoniscus hirsutulus Verhoff, 1930 | Uz: Tashkent |
| 137 | Protracheoniscus kopetdagicus Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 138 | Protracheoniscus kryszanovskii Borutzky, 1957 | Ru: Volgograd region, Kalmykia |
| 139 | Protracheoniscus latus (Uljanin, 1875) | Td: Zeravshvan valley |
| 140 | Protracheoniscus litoralis (Budde-Lund, 1885) | Ua: Crimea |
| 141 | Protracheoniscus major (Dollfus, 1903) | Ru: Rostov region; Ua: Kiev |
| 142 | Protracheoniscus maracandicus (Uljanin, 1875) | Td: Smagar massif; Uz: Bukhara, Samarkand, Syrdaryinsk regions |
| 143 | Protracheoniscus marginatus (Uljanin, 1875) | Ua: Crimea |
| 144 | Protracheoniscus nogaicus Demianowitz,1931 | Md; Ru: Rostov region |
| 145 | Protracheoniscus orientalis (Uljanin, 1875) | Az: Baku, Mardakert; Bl: Berezinsky reserve; Kz: Mangyshlak; Tu: Bugdaily; Ru: Moscow, Orenburg, Primorie regions; Ua: Kremenetz, Odessa regions, Uz: Nukus; Zakaspyisk region |
| 146 | Protracheoniscus panphilovi Borutzky, 1959 | Kg |
| 147 | Protracheoniscus politus (C. Koch, 1841) | Ru: Moscow region |
| 148 | Protracheoniscus scythicus Demianowicz, 1932 | Md |
| 149 | Protracheoniscus steinbergi Borutzky, 1961 | TU: SW part |
| 150 | Protracheoniscus taschkentensis Verhoeff, 1930 | Uz: Tashkent; Td |
| 151 | Protracheoniscus tashausicus Borutzky, 1976 | Tu; Ru: Rostov region |
| 152 | Protracheoniscus topczievi Borutzky, 1975 | Ru: Krasnodar, Rostov regions; Ua: Zaporozhye region |
| 153 | Protracheoniscus tuberculatus (Borutzky, 1945) | Tu |
| 154 | Protracheoniscus turcomanicus Borutzky, 1945 | Tu |
| 155 | Protracheoniscus tzvetkovi Borutzky, 1975 | Kz: Alma-Ata, Uzun-Agach; Ru: Moscow region? |
| 156 | Protracheoniscus uljanini Borutzky, 1953 | Td |
| 157 | Protracheoniscus verhoeffi Strouhal, 1929 | Ge: Tbilisi |
| 158 | Protracheoniscus zenkevitschi (Borutzky, 1945) | Tu |
| 159 | Psachonethes czerkessicus Borutzky, 1969 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 160 | Pseudobuddelundiella hostensis Borutzky, 1967 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 161 | Pseudobuddelundiella ljovuschkini Borutzky, 1967 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 162 | Schizidium davidi (Dollfus, 1887) | Az: Divichi |
| 163 | Schizidium golovatchi Schmalfuss, 1988 | Ar: Shikalyukh; Az: Baku; Ge: Batumi |
| 164 | Schizidium reinoehli Schmalfuss, 1988 | Ru: Rostov region |
| 165 | Tadzhikoniscus coecus Borutzky, 1976 | Td |
| 166 | Tauroligidium stygium Borutzky, 1950 | Ua: Crimea |
| 167 | Tauronethes lebedinskyi Borutzky, 1949 | Ua: Crimea |
| 168 | Titanethes albus (C. Koch, 1841) | Ua: Crimea |
| 169 | Trachelipus azerbaidzhanus Schmalfuss, 1986 | Az: E part |
| 170 | Trachelipus caucasius (Verhoeff, 1918) | Ab: Gagry; Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 171 | Trachelipus difficilis Radu, 1950 | Bl: Belovezha, Berezinsky reserves; Ua: S Crimea |
| 172 | Trachelipus ensiculorum Verhoeff, 1949 | Ar: Yerevan |
| 173 | Trachelipus gagriensis (Verhoeff, 1918) | Ab: Gagry |
| 174 | Trachelipus kervillei (Arcangeli, 1938) | Ru: Rostov region |
| 175 | Trachelipus lignaui (Verhoeff, 1918) | Ab: Gagry; Ru: Rostov region |
| 176 | Trachelipus longipennis Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ab; Ua: S Crimea |
| 177 | Trachelipus lutschnikii (Verhoeff, 1933) | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 178 | Trachelipus rathkii Brandt, 1833 | Ab: Sukhum; Az: Airidja; Ar: Chaldyr; Ge: Kutaisi; Bl: Belovezha pusha; Lt: Vilnius; Md; Ru: Belgorod, Kursk, Tver, Maryi-El, Kaluga, Mordovia, Moscow, Penza, Rostov, Leningrad, Saratov, Tula regions; Ua: Crimea, Kiev |
| 179 | Trachelipus razzautii (Arcangeli, 1913) | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 180 | Trachelipus sarculatus (Budde-Lund, 1896) | Ua: Crimea |
| 181 | Trachelipus trachealis Budde-Lund, 1885 | Md |
| 182 | Trichoniscus aphonicus Borutzky, 1977 | Ab |
| 183 | Trichoniscus gudauticus Borutzky, 1977 | Ab |
| 184 | Trichoniscus pusillus Brandt, 1833 | Ua: Crimea, Kiev |
| 185 | Trichoniscus pygmaeus Sars, 1898 | Ru: Krasnodar region |
| 186 | Turanoniscus anacanthotermitis Borutzky, 1969 | Uz: Tashkent |
| 187 | Tylos granuliferus Budde-Lund, 1885 | Ru: Primorie region, S Kuril Islands |
| 188 | Tylos ponticus Grebnicki, 1874 | Ua: Crimea, Odessa |
| 189 | Typhloligidium coecum (Carl, 1904) | Ua: Crimea |
| 190 | Typhloligidium karabijajlae Borutzky, 1962 | Ua: Crimea |
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