Figure 1.

Localization of stimulation locations (coloured dots) represented in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space (sagittal and coronal views). The relative location/extent of the pedunculopontine nucleus has been outlined on the sagittal view, based on choline-acetyltransferase immunohistochemical (ChAT5) staining in the human. Coordinates were calculated in millimetres from midline (laterality), ventrodorsal distance (d) from floor of the fourth ventricle and rostro-caudal distance (h) from a pontomesencephalic line connecting the pontomesencephalic junction to the inferior colliculi caudal margin, as described previously (Ferraye et al., 2009). The mean (ranges) of these stimulation site coordinates were as follows: laterality 7.1 mm (4.6–9 mm), ventrodorsal distance (d) 5.8 mm (4.1–7.4 mm), rostro-caudal distance (h) −5.3 mm (−2.2 to −8.0 mm). In Montreal Neurological Institute space, the coordinates relative to the anterior commissure for the average stimulation location, was as follows; X = 7.1 mm, Y = −32 mm, Z = −22 mm. PM = ponto-mesencephalic line connecting the pontomesencephalic junction to the caudal end of the inferior colliculi; SC = superior colliculus; IC = inferior colliculus.