Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1991 Apr 11;19(7):1699–1705. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.7.1699

Alternative modes of self-cleavage by newt satellite 2 transcripts.

L M Epstein 1, L M Pabón-Peña 1
PMCID: PMC333935  PMID: 2027778

Abstract

Synthetic transcripts of satellite 2 DNA from the newt undergo self-catalyzed cleavage in vitro. In this report we present evidence that there are at least two distinct modes of satellite 2 transcript self-cleavage. In one mode, a single cleavage domain folds into a structure which cleaves at a slow rate. This structure may be analogous to, or a variant of, the 'hammerhead' structure believed to be active during the self-cleavage of a number of infectious plant RNAs. In an alternative mode, multiple cleavage domains interact to cleave at an enhanced rate. The permutation of the repeated satellite 2 sequence determines which of these modes of cleavage will predominate, presumably by influencing the overall conformation of the RNA. We present a model for the self-processing of multimeric satellite 2 transcripts which incorporates both of these modes of self-cleavage.

Full text

PDF
1699

Images in this article

1701Image
on p.1701
1702Image
on p.1702
1703Image
on p.1703

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bruening G. Compilation of self-cleaving sequences from plant virus satellite RNAs and other sources. Methods Enzymol. 1989;180:546–558. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(89)80123-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Epstein L. M., Gall J. G. Self-cleaving transcripts of satellite DNA from the newt. Cell. 1987 Feb 13;48(3):535–543. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90204-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Epstein L. M., Mahon K. A., Gall J. G. Transcription of a satellite DNA in the newt. J Cell Biol. 1986 Oct;103(4):1137–1144. doi: 10.1083/jcb.103.4.1137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fedor M. J., Uhlenbeck O. C. Substrate sequence effects on "hammerhead" RNA catalytic efficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(5):1668–1672. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1668. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Feldstein P. A., Buzayan J. M., Bruening G. Two sequences participating in the autolytic processing of satellite tobacco ringspot virus complementary RNA. Gene. 1989 Oct 15;82(1):53–61. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90029-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Forster A. C., Davies C., Sheldon C. C., Jeffries A. C., Symons R. H. Self-cleaving viroid and newt RNAs may only be active as dimers. Nature. 1988 Jul 21;334(6179):265–267. doi: 10.1038/334265a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Forster A. C., Jeffries A. C., Sheldon C. C., Symons R. H. Structural and ionic requirements for self-cleavage of virusoid RNAs and trans self-cleavage of viroid RNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1987;52:249–259. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1987.052.01.030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Forster A. C., Symons R. H. Self-cleavage of plus and minus RNAs of a virusoid and a structural model for the active sites. Cell. 1987 Apr 24;49(2):211–220. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90562-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Haseloff J., Gerlach W. L. Sequences required for self-catalysed cleavage of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus. Gene. 1989 Oct 15;82(1):43–52. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90028-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Heus H. A., Uhlenbeck O. C., Pardi A. Sequence-dependent structural variations of hammerhead RNA enzymes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Mar 11;18(5):1103–1108. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.5.1103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hutchins C. J., Rathjen P. D., Forster A. C., Symons R. H. Self-cleavage of plus and minus RNA transcripts of avocado sunblotch viroid. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 May 12;14(9):3627–3640. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.9.3627. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jeffries A. C., Symons R. H. A catalytic 13-mer ribozyme. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Feb 25;17(4):1371–1377. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.4.1371. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Koizumi M., Iwai S., Ohtsuka E. Construction of a series of several self-cleaving RNA duplexes using synthetic 21-mers. FEBS Lett. 1988 Feb 15;228(2):228–230. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80004-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kunkel T. A., Roberts J. D., Zakour R. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Methods Enzymol. 1987;154:367–382. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)54085-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kuo M. Y., Sharmeen L., Dinter-Gottlieb G., Taylor J. Characterization of self-cleaving RNA sequences on the genome and antigenome of human hepatitis delta virus. J Virol. 1988 Dec;62(12):4439–4444. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.12.4439-4444.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sanger F., Coulson A. R., Barrell B. G., Smith A. J., Roe B. A. Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol. 1980 Oct 25;143(2):161–178. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sheldon C. C., Symons R. H. Mutagenesis analysis of a self-cleaving RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jul 25;17(14):5679–5685. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.14.5679. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sheldon C. C., Symons R. H. RNA stem stability in the formation of a self-cleaving hammerhead structure. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jul 25;17(14):5665–5677. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.14.5665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Uhlenbeck O. C. A small catalytic oligoribonucleotide. Nature. 1987 Aug 13;328(6131):596–600. doi: 10.1038/328596a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Watson N., Gurevitz M., Ford J., Apirion D. Self cleavage of a precursor RNA from bacteriophage T4. J Mol Biol. 1984 Jan 25;172(3):301–323. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(84)80028-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wu H. N., Lin Y. J., Lin F. P., Makino S., Chang M. F., Lai M. M. Human hepatitis delta virus RNA subfragments contain an autocleavage activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(6):1831–1835. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.6.1831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. van Tol H., Gross H. J., Beier H. Non-enzymatic excision of pre-tRNA introns? EMBO J. 1989 Jan;8(1):293–300. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03376.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES