Abstract
Mammalian cardiac muscle contains two myosin alkali light chains: 1) the atrial light chain (MLC1A), and 2) the ventricular light chain (MLC1V) predominantly expressed either in the atrium or in the ventricle. In this report we describe the isolation and characterization of the complete gene for rat MLC1V. The rat MLC1V gene is approximately 6.5 kb long and the mRNA coding sequences are organized in 7 different exons. Comparison of this gene sequence with other known MLC1 gene sequences revealed that the exon-intron organization is highly conserved within the MLC1 gene family. The derived protein sequence of rat MLC1V showed a higher sequence homology with human ventricular (96%) MLC1V than with rat fast skeletal MLC1f (74%), suggesting functional similarities between different MLC1V proteins. S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension analysis demonstrated that this gene is expressed only in ventricular and slow twitch skeletal muscle tissues and is transcribed from the same promoter and transcription initiation site.
Full text
PDF











Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Arnold H. H., Lohse P., Seidel U., Bober E. A novel human myosin alkali light chain is developmentally regulated. Expression in fetal cardiac and skeletal muscle and in adult atria. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Dec 1;178(1):53–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14428.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barton P. J., Buckingham M. E. The myosin alkali light chain proteins and their genes. Biochem J. 1985 Oct 15;231(2):249–261. doi: 10.1042/bj2310249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barton P. J., Cohen A., Robert B., Fiszman M. Y., Bonhomme F., Guénet J. L., Leader D. P., Buckingham M. E. The myosin alkali light chains of mouse ventricular and slow skeletal muscle are indistinguishable and are encoded by the same gene. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jul 15;260(14):8578–8584. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barton P. J., Robert B., Fiszman M. Y., Leader D. P., Buckingham M. E. The same myosin alkali light chain gene is expressed in adult cardiac atria and in fetal skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 1985 Aug;6(4):461–475. doi: 10.1007/BF00712583. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berk A. J., Sharp P. A. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):721–732. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90272-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blattner F. R., Blechl A. E., Denniston-Thompson K., Faber H. E., Richards J. E., Slightom J. L., Tucker P. W., Smithies O. Cloning human fetal gamma globin and mouse alpha-type globin DNA: preparation and screening of shotgun collections. Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1279–1284. doi: 10.1126/science.725603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boxer L. M., Prywes R., Roeder R. G., Kedes L. The sarcomeric actin CArG-binding factor is indistinguishable from the c-fos serum response factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;9(2):515–522. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.2.515. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen A., Barton P. J., Robert B., Garner I., Alonso S., Buckingham M. E. Promoter analysis of myosin alkali light chain genes expressed in mouse striated muscle. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):10037–10052. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.21.10037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Falkenthal S., Parker V. P., Davidson N. Developmental variations in the splicing pattern of transcripts from the Drosophila gene encoding myosin alkali light chain result in different carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):449–453. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.449. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flanagan J. G., Lefranc M. P., Rabbitts T. H. Mechanisms of divergence and convergence of the human immunoglobulin alpha 1 and alpha 2 constant region gene sequences. Cell. 1984 Mar;36(3):681–688. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90348-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fodor W. L., Darras B., Seharaseyon J., Falkenthal S., Francke U., Vanin E. F. Human ventricular/slow twitch myosin alkali light chain gene characterization, sequence, and chromosomal location. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 5;264(4):2143–2149. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodwin E. B., Szent-Gyorgyi A. G., Leinwand L. A. Cloning and characterization of the scallop essential and regulatory myosin light chain cDNAs. J Biol Chem. 1987 Aug 15;262(23):11052–11056. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gubler U., Hoffman B. J. A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene. 1983 Nov;25(2-3):263–269. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90230-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hellman L., Steen M. L., Sundvall M., Pettersson U. A rapidly evolving region in the immunoglobulin heavy chain loci of rat and mouse: postulated role of (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n sequences. Gene. 1988 Aug 15;68(1):93–100. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90602-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henry G. D., Winstanley M. A., Dalgarno D. C., Scott G. M., Levine B. A., Trayer I. P. Characterization of the actin-binding site on the alkali light chain of myosin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Aug 23;830(3):233–243. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90279-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kumar C., Saidapet C., Delaney P., Mendola C., Siddiqui M. A. Expression of ventricular-type myosin light chain messenger RNA in spontaneously hypertensive rat atria. Circ Res. 1988 Jun;62(6):1093–1097. doi: 10.1161/01.res.62.6.1093. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kurabayashi M., Komuro I., Tsuchimochi H., Takaku F., Yazaki Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of human atrial and ventricular myosin alkali light chain cDNA clones. J Biol Chem. 1988 Sep 25;263(27):13930–13936. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Labbé J. P., Audemard E., Bertrand R., Kassab R. Specific interactions of the alkali light chain 1 in skeletal myosin heads probed by chemical cross-linking. Biochemistry. 1986 Dec 16;25(25):8325–8330. doi: 10.1021/bi00373a029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maita T., Umegane T., Kato Y., Matsuda G. Amino-acid sequence of the L-1 light chain of chicken cardiac-muscle myosin. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jun;107(2):565–575. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06064.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McNally E. M., Buttrick P. M., Leinwand L. A. Ventricular myosin light chain 1 is developmentally regulated and does not change in hypertension. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 11;17(7):2753–2767. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.7.2753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miwa T., Kedes L. Duplicated CArG box domains have positive and mutually dependent regulatory roles in expression of the human alpha-cardiac actin gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2803–2813. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.8.2803. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nabeshima Y., Fujii-Kuriyama Y., Muramatsu M., Ogata K. Alternative transcription and two modes of splicing results in two myosin light chains from one gene. Nature. 1984 Mar 22;308(5957):333–338. doi: 10.1038/308333a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nabeshima Y., Nabeshima Y., Kawashima M., Nakamura S., Nonomura Y., Fujii-Kuriyama Y. Isolation of the chick myosin alkali light chain gene expressed in embryonic gizzard muscle and transitional expression of the light chain gene family in vivo. J Mol Biol. 1988 Dec 5;204(3):497–505. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90350-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nabeshima Y., Nabeshima Y., Nonomura Y., Fujii-Kuriyama Y. Nonmuscle and smooth muscle myosin light chain mRNAs are generated from a single gene by the tissue-specific alternative RNA splicing. J Biol Chem. 1987 Aug 5;262(22):10608–10612. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Periasamy M., Strehler E. E., Garfinkel L. I., Gubits R. M., Ruiz-Opazo N., Nadal-Ginard B. Fast skeletal muscle myosin light chains 1 and 3 are produced from a single gene by a combined process of differential RNA transcription and splicing. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 10;259(21):13595–13604. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rich A., Nordheim A., Wang A. H. The chemistry and biology of left-handed Z-DNA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1984;53:791–846. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.004043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robert B., Daubas P., Akimenko M. A., Cohen A., Garner I., Guenet J. L., Buckingham M. A single locus in the mouse encodes both myosin light chains 1 and 3, a second locus corresponds to a related pseudogene. Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):129–140. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90198-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stringer J. R. Recombination between poly[d(GT).d(CA)] sequences in simian virus 40-infected cultured cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1247–1259. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.6.1247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trayer H. R., Trayer I. P. Differential binding of rabbit fast muscle myosin light chain isoenzymes to regulated actin. FEBS Lett. 1985 Jan 28;180(2):170–173. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)81065-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

