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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 9.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2011 Apr;106(4):716–728. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03338.x

Table 1.

Demographic and Smoking Characteristics

Gender (%)
 Male 53.3
 Female 45.6
 Transgender 1.2

Sexual Orientation (%)
 Heterosexual 76.1
 Homosexual 13.4
 Bisexual 10.5

Mean Age (SD) 40.8 (12.4)

Education (%)
 No high school degree 10.0
 High school degree 58.8
 Associate’s degree, vocational degree 15.2
 Bachelor’s degree 13.0
 Master’s degree 2.4
 Doctoral degree .6

Annual individual income (%)
 Less than $10,000 51.1
 $11,000 – $20,000 23.1
 $21,000 – $30,000 7.9
 $31,000 – $40,000 7.9
 $41,000 – $50,000 4.5
 Over $51,000 5.5

Ethnoracial status (%)
 White 36.5
 African American 29.8
 American Indian 17.2
 More than one race 8.5
 Asian/Pacific Islander 4.3
 Other 3.7
 Hispanic/Latino (any race) 12.6

Mean cigarettes smoked per day (SD) 17.8 (7.7)

Mean years smoking daily (SD) 21.0 (12.6)

Mean number of quit attempts of at least one week (SD) 7.8 (25.6)

Mean intake CO (SD) 20.2 (12.2)

Mean total score (SD)
 CDS 46.5 (7.9)
 FTND 4.9 (2.1)
 NDSS −.02 (.96)
 WISDM 57.7 (14.8)

Note. CO = breath carbon monoxide, CDS = Cigarette Dependence Scale, FTND = Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, NDSS = Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale, WISDM = Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives.