Abstract
U6 RNA is a member of a class of small abundant stable nuclear RNAs that are essential for splicing. In all species examined so far, the U6 RNA is a RNA polymerase III transcript. The U6 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is unusual in that it is interrupted by an intron whose structure is similar to those found in pre-mRNAs. As part of our previous analysis of three S. pombe temperature sensitive pre-mRNA splicing mutants we examined their spliceosomal snRNA content. In contrast to the other snRNAs, the amount of U6 RNA is reduced at the restrictive temperature in all three of the mutants compared to the wild type. To investigate the cause of this reduction we have analyzed the efficiency of splicing of the U6 RNA precursor (U6 pre-RNA) in the pre-mRNA splicing mutants. At the restrictive temperature the ratio of unspliced U6 precursor to mature RNA is elevated in the mutants compared to the wild type grown under identical conditions, indicating a defect in U6 pre-RNA splicing. In this regard, the U6 RNA precursor behaves similarly to pre-mRNAs. Unspliced U6 pre-RNA was also detected in wild type cells under certain growth conditions.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Brennwald P., Porter G., Wise J. A. U2 small nuclear RNA is remarkably conserved between Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammals. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Dec;8(12):5575–5580. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.12.5575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bringmann P., Appel B., Rinke J., Reuter R., Theissen H., Lührmann R. Evidence for the existence of snRNAs U4 and U6 in a single ribonucleoprotein complex and for their association by intermolecular base pairing. EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1357–1363. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01977.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brow D. A., Guthrie C. Spliceosomal RNA U6 is remarkably conserved from yeast to mammals. Nature. 1988 Jul 21;334(6179):213–218. doi: 10.1038/334213a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brow D. A., Guthrie C. Splicing a spliceosomal RNA. Nature. 1989 Jan 5;337(6202):14–15. doi: 10.1038/337014a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cheng S. C., Abelson J. Spliceosome assembly in yeast. Genes Dev. 1987 Nov;1(9):1014–1027. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.9.1014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Epstein P., Reddy R., Henning D., Busch H. The nucleotide sequence of nuclear U6 (4.7 S) RNA. J Biol Chem. 1980 Sep 25;255(18):8901–8906. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fouser L. A., Friesen J. D. Mutations in a yeast intron demonstrate the importance of specific conserved nucleotides for the two stages of nuclear mRNA splicing. Cell. 1986 Apr 11;45(1):81–93. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90540-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green M. R. Pre-mRNA splicing. Annu Rev Genet. 1986;20:671–708. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.003323. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hashimoto C., Steitz J. A. U4 and U6 RNAs coexist in a single small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Apr 11;12(7):3283–3293. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.7.3283. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacquier A., Rodriguez J. R., Rosbash M. A quantitative analysis of the effects of 5' junction and TACTAAC box mutants and mutant combinations on yeast mRNA splicing. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):423–430. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90172-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kay R. J., Russnak R. H., Jones D., Mathias C., Candido E. P. Expression of intron-containing C. elegans heat shock genes in mouse cells demonstrates divergence of 3' splice site recognition sequences between nematodes and vertebrates, and an inhibitory effect of heat shock on the mammalian splicing apparatus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 May 11;15(9):3723–3741. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.9.3723. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Konarska M. M., Sharp P. A. Interactions between small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in formation of spliceosomes. Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):763–774. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90614-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Konings D. A., Mattaj I. W. Mutant U2 snRNAs of Xenopus which can form an altered higher order RNA structure are unable to enter the nucleus. Exp Cell Res. 1987 Oct;172(2):329–339. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(87)90391-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krol A., Carbon P., Ebel J. P., Appel B. Xenopus tropicalis U6 snRNA genes transcribed by Pol III contain the upstream promoter elements used by Pol II dependent U snRNA genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Mar 25;15(6):2463–2478. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.6.2463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kunkel G. R., Maser R. L., Calvet J. P., Pederson T. U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(22):8575–8579. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.22.8575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lamond A. I., Konarska M. M., Grabowski P. J., Sharp P. A. Spliceosome assembly involves the binding and release of U4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(2):411–415. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.2.411. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maniatis T., Reed R. The role of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in pre-mRNA splicing. Nature. 1987 Feb 19;325(6106):673–678. doi: 10.1038/325673a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muhich M. L., Boothroyd J. C. Polycistronic transcripts in trypanosomes and their accumulation during heat shock: evidence for a precursor role in mRNA synthesis. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Sep;8(9):3837–3846. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.9.3837. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nischt R., Thüroff E., Küfer N. F. Molecular cloning of a ribosomal protein gene from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr Genet. 1986;10(5):365–370. doi: 10.1007/BF00418408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Patterson B., Guthrie C. An essential yeast snRNA with a U5-like domain is required for splicing in vivo. Cell. 1987 Jun 5;49(5):613–624. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90537-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pikielny C. W., Rosbash M. mRNA splicing efficiency in yeast and the contribution of nonconserved sequences. Cell. 1985 May;41(1):119–126. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90066-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pikielny C. W., Rymond B. C., Rosbash M. Electrophoresis of ribonucleoproteins reveals an ordered assembly pathway of yeast splicing complexes. 1986 Nov 27-Dec 3Nature. 324(6095):341–345. doi: 10.1038/324341a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Porter G. L., Brennwald P. J., Holm K. A., Wise J. A. The sequence of U3 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe suggests structural divergence of this snRNA between metazoans and unicellular eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 11;16(21):10131–10152. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.21.10131. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Potashkin J., Li R., Frendewey D. Pre-mRNA splicing mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO J. 1989 Feb;8(2):551–559. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03409.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reddy R., Henning D., Das G., Harless M., Wright D. The capped U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jan 5;262(1):75–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reddy R. Transcription of a U6 small nuclear RNA gene in vitro. Transcription of a mouse U6 small nuclear RNA gene in vitro by RNA polymerase III is dependent on transcription factor(s) different from transcription factors IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 5;263(31):15980–15984. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reed R., Maniatis T. A role for exon sequences and splice-site proximity in splice-site selection. Cell. 1986 Aug 29;46(5):681–690. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90343-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rinke J., Appel B., Digweed M., Lührmann R. Localization of a base-paired interaction between small nuclear RNAs U4 and U6 in intact U4/U6 ribonucleoprotein particles by psoralen cross-linking. J Mol Biol. 1985 Oct 20;185(4):721–731. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90057-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sharp P. A. Splicing of messenger RNA precursors. Science. 1987 Feb 13;235(4790):766–771. doi: 10.1126/science.3544217. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sisodia S. S., Sollner-Webb B., Cleveland D. W. Specificity of RNA maturation pathways: RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III are not substrates for splicing or polyadenylation. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3602–3612. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3602. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tani T., Ohshima Y. The gene for the U6 small nuclear RNA in fission yeast has an intron. Nature. 1989 Jan 5;337(6202):87–90. doi: 10.1038/337087a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinberg R., Penman S. Metabolism of small molecular weight monodisperse nuclear RNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Sep 17;190(1):10–29. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90150-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yost H. J., Lindquist S. RNA splicing is interrupted by heat shock and is rescued by heat shock protein synthesis. Cell. 1986 Apr 25;45(2):185–193. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90382-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yost H. J., Lindquist S. Translation of unspliced transcripts after heat shock. Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1544–1548. doi: 10.1126/science.3201243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]