Abstract
We describe the molecular cloning of various DNA segments generated by partial EcoRI endonuclease digestion of the sex factor F. These segments have been analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis of EcoRI digests and were arranged in a series of overlapping fragments using the EcoRI fragment map of F established by H. Ohtsubo and E. Ohtsubo. The clones isolated demonstrate one or more of the following F-specified functions: inhibition of female-specific phage (T7) multiplication, formation of F pili, surface exclusion, or immunity to lethal zygosis. These properties are discussed in terms of the EcoRI fragments of F that specify them.
Full text
PDF![64](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/14e6/335839/2f71af3487cc/pnas00670-0070.png)
![65](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/14e6/335839/beb6bcb71270/pnas00670-0071.png)
![66](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/14e6/335839/74b141fe375d/pnas00670-0072.png)
![67](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/14e6/335839/b1d5c775a931/pnas00670-0073.png)
![68](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/14e6/335839/dc5dedac9629/pnas00670-0074.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Achtman M. A semi-automatic technique for conducting many bacterial matings concurrently. Genet Res. 1971 Jun;17(3):261–266. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300012283. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Achtman M., Willetts N., Clark A. J. Beginning a genetic analysis of conjugational transfer determined by the F factor in Escherichia coli by isolation and characterization of transfer-deficient mutants. J Bacteriol. 1971 May;106(2):529–538. doi: 10.1128/jb.106.2.529-538.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Anthony W. M., Deonier R. C., Lee H. J., Hu S., Otsubo E., Davidson N., Broda P. Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among plasmids of Escherichia coli. IX. Note on the deletion mutant of F, F delta(33-43). J Mol Biol. 1974 Nov 15;89(4):647–650. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90041-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bachmann B. J. Pedigrees of some mutant strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Bacteriol Rev. 1972 Dec;36(4):525–557. doi: 10.1128/br.36.4.525-557.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bastarrachea F., Willetts N. S. The elimination by acridine orange of F30 from recombination-deficient strains of Escherichia coli K12. Genetics. 1968 Jun;59(2):153–166. doi: 10.1093/genetics/59.2.153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Britton J. R., Haselkorn R. Permeability lesions in male Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2222–2226. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2222. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CLARK A. J. Genetic analysis of a "double male" strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Genetics. 1963 Jan;48:105–120. doi: 10.1093/genetics/48.1.105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen S. N., Chang A. C., Boyer H. W., Helling R. B. Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Nov;70(11):3240–3244. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.11.3240. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gasson M. J., Willetts N. S. Five control systems preventing transfer of Escherichia coli K-12 sex factor F. J Bacteriol. 1975 May;122(2):518–525. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.2.518-525.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOWARD-FLANDERS P., SIMSON E., THERIOT L. A LOCUS THAT CONTROLS FILAMENT FORMATION AND SENSITIVITY TO RADIATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12. Genetics. 1964 Feb;49:237–246. doi: 10.1093/genetics/49.2.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helling R. B., Goodman H. M., Boyer H. W. Analysis of endonuclease R-EcoRI fragments of DNA from lambdoid bacteriophages and other viruses by agarose-gel electrophoresis. J Virol. 1974 Nov;14(5):1235–1244. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.5.1235-1244.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helmuth R., Achtman M. Operon structure of DNA transfer cistrons on the F sex factor. Nature. 1975 Oct 23;257(5528):652–656. doi: 10.1038/257652a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hershfield V., Boyer H. W., Yanofsky C., Lovett M. A., Helinski D. R. Plasmid ColEl as a molecular vehicle for cloning and amplification of DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3455–3459. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.9.3455. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hu S., Ptashne K., Cohen S. N., Davidson N. alphabeta sequence of F is IS31. J Bacteriol. 1975 Aug;123(2):687–692. doi: 10.1128/jb.123.2.687-692.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JACOB F., WOLLMAN E. L. Sur les processus de conjugaison et de recombinaison chez Escherichia coli. I. L'induction par conjugaison ou induction zygotique. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1956 Oct;91(4):486–510. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lederberg J, Cavalli L L, Lederberg E M. Sex Compatibility in Escherichia Coli. Genetics. 1952 Nov;37(6):720–730. doi: 10.1093/genetics/37.6.720. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mertz J. E., Davis R. W. Cleavage of DNA by R 1 restriction endonuclease generates cohesive ends. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Nov;69(11):3370–3374. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.11.3370. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meynell E., Datta N. The relation of resistance transfer factors to the F-factor (sex-factor) of Escherichia coli K12. Genet Res. 1966 Feb;7(1):134–140. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300009538. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Milcarek C., Weiss B. Mutants of Escherichia coli with altered deoxyribonucleases. I. Isolation and characterization of mutants for exonuclease 3. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jul 21;68(2):303–318. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90215-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morrison T. G., Malamy M. H. T7 translational control mechanisms and their inhibiton by F factors. Nat New Biol. 1971 May 12;231(19):37–41. doi: 10.1038/newbio231037a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Novick R. P. Extrachromosomal inheritance in bacteria. Bacteriol Rev. 1969 Jun;33(2):210–263. doi: 10.1128/br.33.2.210-263.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Otsubo E., Nishimura Y., Hirota Y. Transfer-defective mutants of sex factors in Escherichia coli. I. Defective mutants and complementation analysis. Genetics. 1970 Feb;64(2):173–188. doi: 10.1093/genetics/64.2.173. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Otsubo E. Transfer-defective mutants of sex factors in Escherichia coli. II. Deletion mutants of an F-prime and deletion mapping of cistrons involved in genetic transfer. Genetics. 1970 Feb;64(2):189–197. doi: 10.1093/genetics/64.2.189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sharp P. A., Hsu M. T., Otsubo E., Davidson N. Electron microscope heteroduplex studies of sequence relations among plasmids of Escherichia coli. I. Structure of F-prime factors. J Mol Biol. 1972 Nov 14;71(2):471–497. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90363-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sheehy R. J., Orr C., Curtiss R., 3rd Molecular studies on entry exclusion in Escherichia coli minicells. J Bacteriol. 1972 Nov;112(2):861–869. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.2.861-869.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skurray R. A., Reeves P. Characterization of lethal zygosis associated with conjugation in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1973 Jan;113(1):58–70. doi: 10.1128/jb.113.1.58-70.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Skurray R. A., Reeves P. F factor-mediated immunity to lethal zygosis in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jan;117(1):100–106. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.1.100-106.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thompson R., Hughes S. G., Broda P. Plasmid identification using specific endonucleases. Mol Gen Genet. 1974;133(2):141–149. doi: 10.1007/BF00264835. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Timmis K., Cabello F., Cohen S. N. Cloning, isolation, and characterization of replication regions of complex plasmid genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jun;72(6):2242–2246. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.6.2242. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willetts N. S., Finnegan D. J. Characteristics of E. coli K12 strains carrying both an F prime and an R factor. Genet Res. 1970 Aug;16(1):113–122. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300002329. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willetts N. S. Location of the origin of transfer of the sex factor F. J Bacteriol. 1972 Nov;112(2):773–778. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.2.773-778.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willetts N., Achtman M. Genetic analysis of transfer by the Escherichia coli sex factor F, using P1 transductional complementation. J Bacteriol. 1972 Jun;110(3):843–851. doi: 10.1128/jb.110.3.843-851.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willetts N., Bastarrachea F. Genetic and physicochemical characterization of Escherichia coli strains carrying fused F' elements derived from KLF1 and F57. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1481–1485. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1481. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willetts N. Mapping loci for surface exclusion and incompatibility on the F factor of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jun;118(3):778–782. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.3.778-782.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Willetts N. The genetics of transmissible plasmids. Annu Rev Genet. 1972;6:257–268. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.06.120172.001353. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wu A. M., Ghosh S., Echols H., Spiegelman W. G. Repression by the cI protein of phage lambda: in vitro inhibition of RNA synthesis. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 28;67(3):407–421. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90459-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]