Abstract
We have sequenced the endogenous RNA polymerase product produced by disrupted purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles by using the newer one-dimensional rapid gel sequencing techniques and confirming this with a modified two-dimensional gel vectoring technique. The sequence of this 46-nucleotide RNA is: 5'(pp)pACGAAGACCACAAAACCA-GAUAAAAAAUAAAAACCACAAGAGGG(U)COH3'. We infer that this sequence is identical to the sequence at the 5' end of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus RNA and is complementary to the sequence of the 3'-OH terminus of this defective interfering particle genome RNA.
Full text
PDF![4704](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6665/336188/42be9fd515ec/pnas00669-0078.png)
![4705](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6665/336188/a4def57a7c3f/pnas00669-0079.png)
![4706](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6665/336188/eca75e519726/pnas00669-0080.png)
![4707](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6665/336188/ee0a3c44a160/pnas00669-0081.png)
![4708](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6665/336188/b0b28c73ce3e/pnas00669-0082.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ball L. A., White C. N. Order of transcription of genes of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Feb;73(2):442–446. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.2.442. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baltimore D., Huang A. S., Stampfer M. Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus, II. An RNA polymerase in the virion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Jun;66(2):572–576. doi: 10.1073/pnas.66.2.572. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banerjee A. D., Abraham G., Colonno R. J. Vesicular stomatitis virus: mode of transcription. J Gen Virol. 1977 Jan;34(1):1–8. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-34-1-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colonno R. J., Banerjee A. K. A unique RNA species involved in initiation of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA transcription in vitro. Cell. 1976 Jun;8(2):197–204. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90003-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Donis-Keller H., Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Mapping adenines, guanines, and pyrimidines in RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977 Aug;4(8):2527–2538. doi: 10.1093/nar/4.8.2527. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doyle M., Holland J. J. Prophylaxis and immunization in mice by use of virus-free defective T particles to protect against intracerebral infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Jul;70(7):2105–2108. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.7.2105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Emerson S. U., Dierks P. M., Parsons J. T. In vitro synthesis of a unique RNA species by a T particle of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol. 1977 Sep;23(3):708–716. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.3.708-716.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holland J. J., Villarreal L. P. Persistent noncytocidal vesicular stomatitis virus infections mediated by defective T particles that suppress virion transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):2956–2960. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.2956. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holland J. J., Villarreal L. P., Welsh R. M., Oldstone M. B., Kohne D., Lazzarini R., Scolnick E. Long-term persistent vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus infection of cells in vitro. J Gen Virol. 1976 Nov;33(2):193–211. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-33-2-193. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huang A. S., Manders E. K. Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus. IV. Transcription by standard virus in the presence of defective interfering particles. J Virol. 1972 Jun;9(6):909–916. doi: 10.1128/jvi.9.6.909-916.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Huang A. S. Viral pathogenesis and molecular biology. Bacteriol Rev. 1977 Dec;41(4):811–821. doi: 10.1128/br.41.4.811-821.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kawai A., Matsumoto S., Tanabe K. Characterization of rabies viruses recovered from persistently infected BHK cells. Virology. 1975 Oct;67(2):520–533. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90452-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keene J. D., Rosenberg M., Lazzarini R. A. Characterization of the 3' terminus of RNA isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus and from its defective interfering particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Apr;74(4):1353–1357. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.4.1353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kennedy S. I. Sequence relationships between the genome and the intracellular RNA species of standard and defective-interfering Semliki Forest virus. J Mol Biol. 1976 Dec;108(2):491–511. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80132-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leppert M., Kort L., Kolakofsky D. Further characterization of Sendai virus DI-RNAs: a model for their generation. Cell. 1977 Oct;12(2):539–552. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90130-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mudd J. A., Summers D. F. Polysomal ribonucleic acid of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected HeLa cells. Virology. 1970 Dec;42(4):958–968. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90344-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perrault J., Holland J. J. Absence of transcriptase activity or transcription-inhibiting ability in defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology. 1972 Oct;50(1):150–170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perrault J., Leavitt R. W. Characterization of snap-back RNAs in vesicular stomatitis defective interfering virus particles. J Gen Virol. 1978 Jan;38(1):21–34. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-38-1-21. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perrault J., Leavitt R. W. Inverted complementary terminal sequences in single-stranded RNAs and snap-back RNAs from vesicular stomatitis defective interfering particles. J Gen Virol. 1978 Jan;38(1):35–50. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-38-1-35. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reichmann M. E., Pringle C. R., Follett E. A. Defective particles in BHK cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol. 1971 Aug;8(2):154–160. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.2.154-160.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reichmann M. E., Villarreal L. P., Kohne D., Lesnaw J., Holland J. J. RNA polymerase activity and poly(A) synthesizing activity in defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology. 1974 Mar;58(1):240–249. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90158-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richardson C. C. Phosphorylation of nucleic acid by an enzyme from T4 bacteriophage-infected Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Jul;54(1):158–165. doi: 10.1073/pnas.54.1.158. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Brownlee G. G., Barrell B. G. A two-dimensional fractionation procedure for radioactive nucleotides. J Mol Biol. 1965 Sep;13(2):373–398. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80104-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmaljohn C., Blair C. D. Persistent infection of cultured mammalian cells by Japanese encephalitis virus. J Virol. 1977 Nov;24(2):580–589. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.2.580-589.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schnitzlein W. M., Reichmann M. E. The size and the cistronic origin of defective vesicular stomatitis virus particle RNAs in relation to homotypic and heterotypic interference. J Mol Biol. 1976 Mar 5;101(3):307–325. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90150-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simoncsits A., Brownlee G. G., Brown R. S., Rubin J. R., Guilley H. New rapid gel sequencing method for RNA. Nature. 1977 Oct 27;269(5631):833–836. doi: 10.1038/269833a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spandidos D. A., Graham A. F. Generation of defective virus after infection of newborn rats with reovirus. J Virol. 1976 Oct;20(1):234–247. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.1.234-247.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tu C. P., Jay E., Bahl C. P., Wu R. A reliable mapping method for sequence determination of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by mobility shift analysis. Anal Biochem. 1976 Jul;74(1):73–93. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90311-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Villarreal L. P., Breindl M., Holland J. J. Determination of molar ratios of vesicular stomatitis virus induced RNA species in BHK21 cells. Biochemistry. 1976 Apr 20;15(8):1663–1667. doi: 10.1021/bi00653a012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wiktor T. J., Dietzschold B., Leamnson R. N., Koprowski H. Induction and biological properties of defective interfering particles of rabies virus. J Virol. 1977 Feb;21(2):626–635. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.2.626-635.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Wachter R., Fiers W. Preparative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 32 P-labeled RNA. Anal Biochem. 1972 Sep;49(1):184–197. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90257-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]