Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1988 Sep 12;16(17):8245–8260. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.17.8245

The UAS of the yeast PGK gene is composed of multiple functional elements.

A Chambers 1, C Stanway 1, A J Kingsman 1, S M Kingsman 1
PMCID: PMC338556  PMID: 3047680

Abstract

The UAS (upstream activator sequence) of the yeast PGK gene contains a transcriptional activator domain located between bases -479 and -402 upstream from the initiating ATG. This region of the UAS contains three direct repeats of the sequence 5'CTTCC3'. The roles in transcriptional activation of these repeats and other sequences within the activator domain were investigated. When short regions containing the repeats were removed PGK expression was considerably reduced, the magnitude of the effect depended upon which CTTCC block was absent. Sequences between -473 and -458 which did not contain a CTTCC block were also shown to be necessary for high levels of PGK expression. A DNA fragment containing activator sequences up to -473 was shown to interact specifically in vitro with a yeast nuclear protein extract. DNase I footprinting identified a protected region between -473 and -458 and single base changes in DNase I sensitivity at the CTTCC repeats.

Full text

PDF
8245

Images in this article

8250Image
on p.8250
8252Image
on p.8252
8254Image
on p.8254
8255Image
on p.8255

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arcangioli B., Lescure B. Identification of proteins involved in the regulation of yeast iso- 1-cytochrome C expression by oxygen. EMBO J. 1985 Oct;4(10):2627–2633. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03980.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker H. V. Glycolytic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence of GCR1, null mutants, and evidence for expression. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3774–3784. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.3774. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Breeden L., Nasmyth K. Cell cycle control of the yeast HO gene: cis- and trans-acting regulators. Cell. 1987 Feb 13;48(3):389–397. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90190-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Buchman A. R., Kimmerly W. J., Rine J., Kornberg R. D. Two DNA-binding factors recognize specific sequences at silencers, upstream activating sequences, autonomously replicating sequences, and telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;8(1):210–225. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.1.210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cryer D. R., Eccleshall R., Marmur J. Isolation of yeast DNA. Methods Cell Biol. 1975;12:39–44. doi: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60950-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dobson M. J., Mellor J., Fulton A. M., Roberts N. A., Bowen B. A., Kingsman S. M., Kingsman A. J. The identification and high level expression of a protein encoded by the yeast Ty element. EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1115–1119. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01938.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Donahue T. F., Daves R. S., Lucchini G., Fink G. R. A short nucleotide sequence required for regulation of HIS4 by the general control system of yeast. Cell. 1983 Jan;32(1):89–98. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90499-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fried M., Crothers D. M. Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6505–6525. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Galas D. J., Schmitz A. DNAse footprinting: a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Sep;5(9):3157–3170. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.9.3157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Garner M. M., Revzin A. A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):3047–3060. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.13.3047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Giniger E., Varnum S. M., Ptashne M. Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast. Cell. 1985 Apr;40(4):767–774. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90336-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hawthorne D C, Mortimer R K. Chromosome Mapping in Saccharomyces: Centromere-Linked Genes. Genetics. 1960 Aug;45(8):1085–1110. doi: 10.1093/genetics/45.8.1085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Herruer M. H., Mager W. H., Woudt L. P., Nieuwint R. T., Wassenaar G. M., Groeneveld P., Planta R. J. Transcriptional control of yeast ribosomal protein synthesis during carbon-source upshift. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 23;15(24):10133–10144. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.24.10133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hinnen A., Hicks J. B., Fink G. R. Transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1929–1933. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Holland M. J., Holland J. P. Isolation and identification of yeast messenger ribonucleic acids coding for enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate kinase. Biochemistry. 1978 Nov 14;17(23):4900–4907. doi: 10.1021/bi00616a007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Holland M. J., Yokoi T., Holland J. P., Myambo K., Innis M. A. The GCR1 gene encodes a positive transcriptional regulator of the enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene families in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):813–820. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hope I. A., Struhl K. GCN4 protein, synthesized in vitro, binds HIS3 regulatory sequences: implications for general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast. Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):177–188. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90022-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hope I. A., Struhl K. GCN4, a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, binds as a dimer to target DNA. EMBO J. 1987 Sep;6(9):2781–2784. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02573.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Huet J., Cottrelle P., Cool M., Vignais M. L., Thiele D., Marck C., Buhler J. M., Sentenac A., Fromageot P. A general upstream binding factor for genes of the yeast translational apparatus. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3539–3547. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04114.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Huet J., Sentenac A. TUF, the yeast DNA-binding factor specific for UASrpg upstream activating sequences: identification of the protein and its DNA-binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(11):3648–3652. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kadonaga J. T., Tjian R. Affinity purification of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):5889–5893. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.16.5889. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lalonde B., Arcangioli B., Guarente L. A single Saccharomyces cerevisiae upstream activation site (UAS1) has two distinct regions essential for its activity. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4690–4696. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4690. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Machida M., Uemura H., Jigami Y., Tanaka H. The protein factor which binds to the upstream activating sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ENO1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Feb 25;16(4):1407–1422. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.4.1407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mellor J., Dobson M. J., Roberts N. A., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Factors affecting heterologous gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1985;33(2):215–226. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90096-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mellor J., Dobson M. J., Roberts N. A., Tuite M. F., Emtage J. S., White S., Lowe P. A., Patel T., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Efficient synthesis of enzymatically active calf chymosin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1983 Sep;24(1):1–14. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90126-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Melton D. A., Krieg P. A., Rebagliati M. R., Maniatis T., Zinn K., Green M. R. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7035–7056. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.18.7035. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ogden J. E., Stanway C., Kim S., Mellor J., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Efficient expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PGK gene depends on an upstream activation sequence but does not require TATA sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4335–4343. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pfeifer K., Arcangioli B., Guarente L. Yeast HAP1 activator competes with the factor RC2 for binding to the upstream activation site UAS1 of the CYC1 gene. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90750-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Rudolph H., Hinnen A. The yeast PHO5 promoter: phosphate-control elements and sequences mediating mRNA start-site selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1340–1344. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1340. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Shore D., Nasmyth K. Purification and cloning of a DNA binding protein from yeast that binds to both silencer and activator elements. Cell. 1987 Dec 4;51(5):721–732. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90095-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Singh H., Sen R., Baltimore D., Sharp P. A. A nuclear factor that binds to a conserved sequence motif in transcriptional control elements of immunoglobulin genes. Nature. 1986 Jan 9;319(6049):154–158. doi: 10.1038/319154a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Stanway C., Mellor J., Ogden J. E., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. The UAS of the yeast PGK gene contains functionally distinct domains. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Sep 11;15(17):6855–6873. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.17.6855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Vignais M. L., Woudt L. P., Wassenaar G. M., Mager W. H., Sentenac A., Planta R. J. Specific binding of TUF factor to upstream activation sites of yeast ribosomal protein genes. EMBO J. 1987 May;6(5):1451–1457. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02386.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Woudt L. P., Mager W. H., Nieuwint R. T., Wassenaar G. M., van der Kuyl A. C., Murre J. J., Hoekman M. F., Brockhoff P. G., Planta R. J. Analysis of upstream activation sites of yeast ribosomal protein genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Aug 11;15(15):6037–6048. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.15.6037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES