Abstract
The properties and the genomic organization of G elements, a moderately repeated DNA family of D. melanogaster, are reported. G elements lack terminal repeats, generate target site duplications at the point of insertion and exhibit at one end a stretch of A residues of variable length. In a large number of recombinant clones analyzed G elements occur in tandem arrays, interspersed with specific ribosomal DNA (rDNA) segments. This arrangement results from the insertion of members of the G family within the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) of rDNA units. Similarity of the site of integration of G elements to that of ribosomal DNA insertions suggests that distinct DNA sequences might have been inserted into rDNA through a partly common pathway.
Full text
PDF
















Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bell J. R., Bogardus A. M., Schmidt T., Pellegrini M. A new copia-like transposable element found in a Drosophila rDNA gene unit. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 11;13(11):3861–3871. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.11.3861. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brownell E., Krystal M., Arnheim N. Structure and evolution of human and African ape rDNA pseudogenes. Mol Biol Evol. 1983 Dec;1(1):29–37. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coen E. S., Dover G. A. Multiple Pol I initiation sequences in rDNA spacers of Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Nov 11;10(21):7017–7026. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.21.7017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dawid I. B., Long E. O., DiNocera P. P., Pardue M. L. Ribosomal insertion-like elements in Drosophila melanogaster are interspersed with mobile sequences. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):399–408. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90058-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dawid I. B., Rebbert M. L. Nucleotide sequences at the boundaries between gene and insertion regions in the rDNA of Drosophilia melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 10;9(19):5011–5020. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.19.5011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dawid I. B., Wellauer P. K., Long E. O. Ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Isolation and characterization of cloned fragments. J Mol Biol. 1978 Dec 25;126(4):749–768. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90018-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dente L., Cesareni G., Cortese R. pEMBL: a new family of single stranded plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 25;11(6):1645–1655. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.6.1645. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Di Nocera P. P., Dawid I. B. Interdigitated arrangement of two oligo(A)-terminated DNA sequences in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Aug 25;11(16):5475–5482. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.16.5475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Di Nocera P. P., Digan M. E., Dawid I. B. A family of oligo-adenylate-terminated transposable sequences in Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Biol. 1983 Aug 25;168(4):715–727. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80071-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Endow S. A., Glover D. M. Differential replication of ribosomal gene repeats in polytene nuclei of Drosophila. Cell. 1979 Jul;17(3):597–605. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90267-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flavell A. J., Levis R., Simon M. A., Rubin G. M. The 5' termini of RNAs encoded by the transposable element copia. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6279–6291. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6279. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frischauf A. M., Lehrach H., Poustka A., Murray N. Lambda replacement vectors carrying polylinker sequences. J Mol Biol. 1983 Nov 15;170(4):827–842. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80190-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grimaldi G., Skowronski J., Singer M. F. Defining the beginning and end of KpnI family segments. EMBO J. 1984 Aug;3(8):1753–1759. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02042.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hasan G., Turner M. J., Cordingley J. S. Complete nucleotide sequence of an unusual mobile element from trypanosoma brucei. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):333–341. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90329-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kidd S. J., Glover D. M. A DNA segment from D. melanogaster which contains five tandemly repeating units homologous to the major rDNA insertion. Cell. 1980 Jan;19(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90392-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kohorn B. D., Rae P. M. Nontranscribed spacer sequences promote in vitro transcription of Drosophila ribosomal DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Nov 11;10(21):6879–6886. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.21.6879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Long E. O., Rebbert M. L., Dawid I. B. Structure and expression of ribosomal RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster interrupted by type-2 insertions. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1981;45(Pt 2):667–672. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.084. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller J. R., Hayward D. C., Glover D. M. Transcription of the 'non-transcribed' spacer of Drosophila melanogaster rDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jan 11;11(1):11–19. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.1.11. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pardue M. L., Dawid I. B. Chromosomal locations of two DNA segments that flank ribosomal insertion-like sequences in Drosophila: flanking sequences are mobile elements. Chromosoma. 1981;83(1):29–43. doi: 10.1007/BF00286014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pardue M. L., Gall J. G. Nucleic acid hybridization to the DNA of cytological preparations. Methods Cell Biol. 1975;10:1–16. doi: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60727-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rogers J. H. The origin and evolution of retroposons. Int Rev Cytol. 1985;93:187–279. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61375-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roiha H., Miller J. R., Woods L. C., Glover D. M. Arrangements and rearrangements of sequences flanking the two types of rDNA insertion in D. melanogaster. Nature. 1981 Apr 30;290(5809):749–753. doi: 10.1038/290749a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmidt E. R. Clustered and interspersed repetitive DNA sequence family of Chironomus. The nucleotide sequence of the Cla-elements and of various flanking sequences. J Mol Biol. 1984 Sep 5;178(1):1–15. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90227-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simeone A., La Volpe A., Boncinelli E. Nucleotide sequence of a complete ribosomal spacer of D. melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Feb 25;13(4):1089–1101. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.4.1089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simeone A., de Falco A., Macino G., Boncinelli E. Sequence organization of the ribosomal spacer of D.melanogaster. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Dec 20;10(24):8263–8272. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.24.8263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spradling A. C., Rubin G. M. Drosophila genome organization: conserved and dynamic aspects. Annu Rev Genet. 1981;15:219–264. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.15.120181.001251. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Cicco D. V., Glover D. M. Amplification of rDNA and type I sequences in Drosophila males deficient in rDNA. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1217–1225. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90304-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]