Abstract
We have analyzed the polyadenylation sites for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes of Petunia (Mitchell) and the bronze gene of Zea mays. Sequence analysis of multiple cDNA clones revealed that polyadenylation of the transcripts occurred at either 2 or 3 sites for all three groups of genes. In the examples where 3 polyadenylation sites were detected, the middle site was the one predominantly used. Putative polyadenylation signals preceding the poly A tails diverged significantly from the animal consensus sequence AATAAA. In all the genes examined the first A residue in the poly A tail of the cDNA clones corresponded to an A residue in the homologous genomic sequence.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Berget S. M. Are U4 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins involved in polyadenylation? Nature. 1984 May 10;309(5964):179–182. doi: 10.1038/309179a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Birnstiel M. L., Busslinger M., Strub K. Transcription termination and 3' processing: the end is in site! Cell. 1985 Jun;41(2):349–359. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80007-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boardman M., Basi G. S., Storti R. V. Multiple polyadenylation sites in a Drosophila tropomyosin gene are used to generate functional mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 11;13(5):1763–1776. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.5.1763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boutry M., Chua N. H. A nuclear gene encoding the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. EMBO J. 1985 Sep;4(9):2159–2165. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03910.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Citron B., Falck-Pedersen E., Salditt-Georgieff M., Darnell J. E., Jr Transcription termination occurs within a 1000 base pair region downstream from the poly(A) site of the mouse beta-globin (major) gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Nov 26;12(22):8723–8731. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.22.8723. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- De Greve H., Dhaese P., Seurinck J., Lemmers M., Van Montagu M., Schell J. Nucleotide sequence and transcript map of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid-encoded octopine synthase gene. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(6):499–511. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dean C., Elzen P., Tamaki S., Dunsmuir P., Bedbrook J. Differential expression of the eight genes of the petunia ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit multi-gene family. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 1;4(12):3055–3061. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04045.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dean C., van den Elzen P., Tamaki S., Dunsmuir P., Bedbrook J. Linkage and homology analysis divides the eight genes for the small subunit of petunia ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase into three gene families. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(15):4964–4968. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.4964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dhaese P., De Greve H., Gielen J., Seurinck L., Van Montagu M., Schell J. Identification of sequences involved in the polyadenylation of higher plant nuclear transcripts using Agrobacterium T-DNA genes as models. EMBO J. 1983;2(3):419–426. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01439.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dunsmuir P., Smith S. M., Bedbrook J. The major chlorophyll a/b binding protein of petunia is composed of several polypeptides encoded by a number of distinct nuclear genes. J Mol Appl Genet. 1983;2(3):285–300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dunsmuir P., Smith S., Bedbrook J. A number of different nuclear genes for the small subunit of RuBPCase are transcribed in petunia. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jun 25;11(12):4177–4183. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.12.4177. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dunsmuir P. The petunia chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes: a comparison of Cab genes from different gene families. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Apr 11;13(7):2503–2518. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.7.2503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fedoroff N. V., Furtek D. B., Nelson O. E. Cloning of the bronze locus in maize by a simple and generalizable procedure using the transposable controlling element Activator (Ac). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(12):3825–3829. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.12.3825. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fitzgerald M., Shenk T. The sequence 5'-AAUAAA-3'forms parts of the recognition site for polyadenylation of late SV40 mRNAs. Cell. 1981 Apr;24(1):251–260. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90521-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McDevitt M. A., Imperiale M. J., Ali H., Nevins J. R. Requirement of a downstream sequence for generation of a poly(A) addition site. Cell. 1984 Jul;37(3):993–999. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90433-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McLauchlan J., Gaffney D., Whitton J. L., Clements J. B. The consensus sequence YGTGTTYY located downstream from the AATAAA signal is required for efficient formation of mRNA 3' termini. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Feb 25;13(4):1347–1368. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.4.1347. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J., Crea R., Seeburg P. H. A system for shotgun DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):309–321. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Montell C., Fisher E. F., Caruthers M. H., Berk A. J. Inhibition of RNA cleavage but not polyadenylation by a point mutation in mRNA 3' consensus sequence AAUAAA. Nature. 1983 Oct 13;305(5935):600–605. doi: 10.1038/305600a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nevins J. R., Darnell J. E., Jr Steps in the processing of Ad2 mRNA: poly(A)+ nuclear sequences are conserved and poly(A) addition precedes splicing. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1477–1493. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90071-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Proudfoot N. J., Brownlee G. G. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211–214. doi: 10.1038/263211a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Salditt-Georgieff M., Darnell J. E., Jr A precise termination site in the mouse beta major-globin transcription unit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(15):4694–4698. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.15.4694. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sasavage N. L., Smith M., Gillam S., Woychik R. P., Rottman F. M. Variation in the polyadenylylation site of bovine prolactin mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):223–227. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.223. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simonsen C. C., Levinson A. D. Analysis of processing and polyadenylation signals of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene by using simian virus 40-hepatitis B virus chimeric plasmids. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Dec;3(12):2250–2258. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.12.2250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wickens M., Stephenson P. Role of the conserved AAUAAA sequence: four AAUAAA point mutants prevent messenger RNA 3' end formation. Science. 1984 Nov 30;226(4678):1045–1051. doi: 10.1126/science.6208611. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wiedemann L. M., Perry R. P. Characterization of the expressed gene and several processed pseudogenes for the mouse ribosomal protein L30 gene family. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Nov;4(11):2518–2528. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.11.2518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]