Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1987 May 26;15(10):4337–4347. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.10.4337

Isolation and characterization of the gene for the murine T cell differentiation antigen and immunoglobulin-related molecule, Lyt-2.

H Nakauchi, M Tagawa, G P Nolan, L A Herzenberg
PMCID: PMC340851  PMID: 3495785

Abstract

We present here the sequence of the 5310 base pair Hind III-cleaved genomic DNA segment that includes the gene for the Lyt-2, a murine differentiation antigen expressed on most immature T lymphocytes as well as the cytotoxic suppressor T cell subset. We also present the complete intron/exon structure of Lyt-2. There are five exons: a fused leader and immunoglobulin variable region like exon, a hinge region exon, a transmembrane exon and two alternatively spliced intracytoplasmic exons (alternative splicing of these exons yields the 38 kDa alpha and 34 kDa alpha' Lyt-2 polypeptides). The promotor region contains a "TATA" box and sequences homologous to the putative immunoglobulin transcriptional control elements cd/pd. S1 protection analysis reveals that thymocytes, T cells from lymph nodes, and a Lyt-2 transfectant obtained by introduction of total genomic DNA have the same initiation site. In the 3' region, there is a polyadenylation signal sequence after a 700 bp long 3' untranslated region.

Full text

PDF
4337

Images in this article

4342Image
on p.4342

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burke J. F. High-sensitivity S1 mapping with single-stranded [32P]DNA probes synthesized from bacteriophage M13mp templates. Gene. 1984 Oct;30(1-3):63–68. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90105-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cantor H., Boyse E. A. Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell subclasses is a differentiative process independent of antigen. J Exp Med. 1975 Jun 1;141(6):1376–1389. doi: 10.1084/jem.141.6.1376. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cantor H., Boyse E. A. Lymphocytes as models for the study of mammalian cellular differentiation. Immunol Rev. 1977 Jan;33:105–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1977.tb00364.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chien Y. H., Gascoigne N. R., Kavaler J., Lee N. E., Davis M. M. Somatic recombination in a murine T-cell receptor gene. Nature. 1984 May 24;309(5966):322–326. doi: 10.1038/309322a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Crabtree G. R., Kant J. A. Organization of the rat gamma-fibrinogen gene: alternative mRNA splice patterns produce the gamma A and gamma B (gamma ') chains of fibrinogen. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):159–166. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90415-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans R. L., Wall D. W., Platsoucas C. D., Siegal F. P., Fikrig S. M., Testa C. M., Good R. A. Thymus-dependent membrane antigens in man: inhibition of cell-mediated lympholysis by monoclonal antibodies to TH2 antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):544–548. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Falkner F. G., Zachau H. G. Correct transcription of an immunoglobulin kappa gene requires an upstream fragment containing conserved sequence elements. Nature. 1984 Jul 5;310(5972):71–74. doi: 10.1038/310071a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Favaloro J., Treisman R., Kamen R. Transcription maps of polyoma virus-specific RNA: analysis by two-dimensional nuclease S1 gel mapping. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):718–749. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65070-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hood L., Kronenberg M., Hunkapiller T. T cell antigen receptors and the immunoglobulin supergene family. Cell. 1985 Feb;40(2):225–229. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90133-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jay G., Palladino M. A., Khoury G., Old L. J. Mouse Lyt-2 antigen: evidence for two heterodimers with a common subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(8):2654–2657. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2654. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnson P., Gagnon J., Barclay A. N., Williams A. F. Purification, chain separation and sequence of the MRC OX-8 antigen, a marker of rat cytotoxic T lymphocytes. EMBO J. 1985 Oct;4(10):2539–2545. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03968.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. King C. R., Piatigorsky J. Alternative RNA splicing of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene: protein-coding information within an intron. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):707–712. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90056-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Landegren U., Ramstedt U., Axberg I., Ullberg M., Jondal M., Wigzell H. Selective inhibition of human T cell cytotoxicity at levels of target recognition or initiation of lysis by monoclonal OKT3 and Leu-2a antibodies. J Exp Med. 1982 May 1;155(5):1579–1584. doi: 10.1084/jem.155.5.1579. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ledbetter J. A., Rouse R. V., Micklem H. S., Herzenberg L. A. T cell subsets defined by expression of Lyt-1,2,3 and Thy-1 antigens. Two-parameter immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity analysis with monoclonal antibodies modifies current views. J Exp Med. 1980 Aug 1;152(2):280–295. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.2.280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ledbetter J. A., Seaman W. E. The Lyt-2, Lyt-3 macromolecules: structural and functional studies. Immunol Rev. 1982;68:197–218. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1982.tb01065.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ledbetter J. A., Seaman W. E., Tsu T. T., Herzenberg L. A. Lyt-2 and lyt-3 antigens are on two different polypeptide subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Relationship of subunits to T cell cytolytic activity. J Exp Med. 1981 Jun 1;153(6):1503–1516. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.6.1503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Liaw C. W., Zamoyska R., Parnes J. R. Structure, sequence, and polymorphism of the Lyt-2 T cell differentiation antigen gene. J Immunol. 1986 Aug 1;137(3):1037–1043. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Littman D. R., Thomas Y., Maddon P. J., Chess L., Axel R. The isolation and sequence of the gene encoding T8: a molecule defining functional classes of T lymphocytes. Cell. 1985 Feb;40(2):237–246. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90138-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Martz E., Heagy W., Gromkowski S. H. The mechanism of CTL-mediated killing: monoclonal antibody analysis of the roles of killer and target-cell membrane proteins. Immunol Rev. 1983;72:73–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1983.tb01073.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Murray B. J., Mercer W., McKenzie I. F., Walker I. D. The polypeptide structure and assembly of Ly-2/3 heterodimers. Immunogenetics. 1985;21(6):519–527. doi: 10.1007/BF00395876. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nakauchi H., Nolan G. P., Hsu C., Huang H. S., Kavathas P., Herzenberg L. A. Molecular cloning of Lyt-2, a membrane glycoprotein marking a subset of mouse T lymphocytes: molecular homology to its human counterpart, Leu-2/T8, and to immunoglobulin variable regions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(15):5126–5130. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.15.5126. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nakayama E., Shiku H., Stockert E., Oettgen H. F., Old L. J. Cytotoxic T cells: Lyt phenotype and blocking of killing activity by Lyt antisera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1977–1981. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nawa H., Kotani H., Nakanishi S. Tissue-specific generation of two preprotachykinin mRNAs from one gene by alternative RNA splicing. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):729–734. doi: 10.1038/312729a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Parslow T. G., Blair D. L., Murphy W. J., Granner D. K. Structure of the 5' ends of immunoglobulin genes: a novel conserved sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(9):2650–2654. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2650. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Reinherz E. L., Schlossman S. F. The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes. Cell. 1980 Apr;19(4):821–827. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90072-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Richards J. E., Gilliam A. C., Shen A., Tucker P. W., Blattner F. R. Unusual sequences in the murine immunoglobulin mu-delta heavy-chain region. Nature. 1983 Dec 1;306(5942):483–487. doi: 10.1038/306483a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sharp P. A. Speculations on RNA splicing. Cell. 1981 Mar;23(3):643–646. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90425-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Shinohara N., Sachs D. H. Mouse alloantibodies capable of blocking cytotoxic T-cell function. I. Relationship between the antigen reactive with blocking antibodies and the Lyt-2 locus. J Exp Med. 1979 Sep 19;150(3):432–444. doi: 10.1084/jem.150.3.432. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Solnick D. Alternative splicing caused by RNA secondary structure. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):667–676. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90239-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Staden R. An interactive graphics program for comparing and aligning nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 May 11;10(9):2951–2961. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.9.2951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Staden R., McLachlan A. D. Codon preference and its use in identifying protein coding regions in long DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 11;10(1):141–156. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.1.141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Swain S. L. T cell subsets and the recognition of MHC class. Immunol Rev. 1983;74:129–142. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1983.tb01087.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Tagawa M., Nakauchi H., Herzenberg L. A., Nolan G. P. Formal proof that different-size Lyt-2 polypeptides arise from differential splicing and post-transcriptional regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3422–3426. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.10.3422. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Takahashi N., Roach A., Teplow D. B., Prusiner S. B., Hood L. Cloning and characterization of the myelin basic protein gene from mouse: one gene can encode both 14 kd and 18.5 kd MBPs by alternate use of exons. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):139–148. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80109-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wigler M., Sweet R., Sim G. K., Wold B., Pellicer A., Lacy E., Maniatis T., Silverstein S., Axel R. Transformation of mammalian cells with genes from procaryotes and eucaryotes. Cell. 1979 Apr;16(4):777–785. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90093-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Zamoyska R., Vollmer A. C., Sizer K. C., Liaw C. W., Parnes J. R. Two Lyt-2 polypeptides arise from a single gene by alternative splicing patterns of mRNA. Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):153–163. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90020-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES