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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Evolution. 2012 Apr 10;66(8):2498–2513. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01629.x

Figure 1. Pairwise invisibility plots (PIPs) showing the location and evolutionary/convergence stability of equilibria for A) survival/fecundity altruism and B) resource-based altruism.

Figure 1

Parameter values are, FST = 0.5, S0 = 1, f0 = 1, y = 1, αS = 0.1, αf = 0.1. Gray regions indicate positive selection (positive gradient of the fitness surface), white regions negative selection (negative gradient of the fitness surface). Equilibria occur where lines intersect, and stability is indicated by the fact that vertical deviations from this point (i.e., mutants) are negatively selected (occur in white regions). These PIPs are typical: all equilibria in our model are evolutionarily and convergence stable.