Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1985 Jan 11;13(1):289–302. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.1.289

Nucleotide sequences of murine intracisternal A-particle gene LTRs have extensive variability within the R region.

R J Christy, A R Brown, B B Gourlie, R C Huang
PMCID: PMC340991  PMID: 2987792

Abstract

Nucleotide sequences of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of four murine intracisternal A-particle (IAP) genes IAP62, 19, 81 and 14 were determined. Each IAP LTR contains three sequence domains, 5'-U3-R-U5-3', and each is bound by 4 bp imperfect inverted repeats. The transcriptional regulatory sequences, CAAT and TATA, as well as the enhancer core sequence GTGGTAA are conserved and precisely positioned within the U3 region. In the R region, the sequence AATAAA is located twenty base pairs preceding the dinucleotide CA, the polyadenylation site. In IAP19 and IAP81, the 5' and 3' LTRs are flanked by a six nucleotide direct repeat of cellular sequences representing the possible integration sites for these IAP proviruses. Both the size and sequences of different IAP LTRs vary considerably, with the majority of the variation localized within the R regions. The size of R varies from 66 bp in IAP14 to 222 bp in IAP62; in contrast, the U3 and U5 regions are all similar in size. These extra sequences within the R region of large LTRs consist of several unusual directly repeating sequences which account for this variability.

Full text

PDF
289

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Benoist C., O'Hare K., Breathnach R., Chambon P. The ovalbumin gene-sequence of putative control regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jan 11;8(1):127–142. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.1.127. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Calarco P. G., Szollosi D. Intracisternal A particles in ova and preimplantation stages of the mouse. Nat New Biol. 1973 May 16;243(124):91–93. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Canaani E., Dreazen O., Klar A., Rechavi G., Ram D., Cohen J. B., Givol D. Activation of the c-mos oncogene in a mouse plasmacytoma by insertion of an endogenous intracisternal A-particle genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(23):7118–7122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.23.7118. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chase D. G., Pikó L. Expression of A- and C-type particles in early mouse embryos. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1973 Dec;51(6):1971–1975. doi: 10.1093/jnci/51.6.1971. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cohen J. B., Unger T., Rechavi G., Canaani E., Givol D. Rearrangement of the oncogene c-mos in mouse myeloma NSI and hybridomas. Nature. 1983 Dec 22;306(5945):797–799. doi: 10.1038/306797a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cole M. D., Ono M., Huang R. C. Intracisternal A-particle genes: structure of adjacent genes and mapping of the boundaries of the transcriptional unit. J Virol. 1982 Apr;42(1):123–130. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.1.123-130.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cole M. D., Ono M., Huang R. C. Terminally redundant sequences in cellular intracisternal A-particle genes. J Virol. 1981 May;38(2):680–687. doi: 10.1128/jvi.38.2.680-687.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Corden J., Wasylyk B., Buchwalder A., Sassone-Corsi P., Kedinger C., Chambon P. Promoter sequences of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1406–1414. doi: 10.1126/science.6251548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. DALTON A. J., POTTER M., MERWIN R. M. Some ultrastructural characteristics of a series of primary and transplanted plasma-cell tumors of the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1961 May;26:1221–1267. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Efstratiadis A., Posakony J. W., Maniatis T., Lawn R. M., O'Connell C., Spritz R. A., DeRiel J. K., Forget B. G., Weissman S. M., Slightom J. L. The structure and evolution of the human beta-globin gene family. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):653–668. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hishinuma F., DeBona P. J., Astrin S., Skalka A. M. Nucleotide sequence of acceptor site and termini of integrated avian endogenous provirus ev1: integration creates a 6 bp repeat of host DNA. Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):155–164. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90280-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hojman-Montes de Oca F., Dianoux L., Peries J., Emanoil-Ravicovitch R. Intracisternal A particles: RNA expression and DNA methylation in murine teratocarcinoma cell lines. J Virol. 1983 Apr;46(1):307–310. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.307-310.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ju G., Skalka A. M. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of avian retroviruses: structural similarities with transposable elements. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):379–386. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90348-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kanehisa M. I. Los Alamos sequence analysis package for nucleic acids and proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 11;10(1):183–196. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.1.183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kelly F., Condamine H. Tumor viruses and early mouse embryos. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Apr 29;651(2-3):105–141. doi: 10.1016/0304-419X(82)90009-9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kuff E. L., Feenstra A., Lueders K., Rechavi G., Givol D., Canaani E. Homology between an endogenous viral LTR and sequences inserted in an activated cellular oncogene. Nature. 1983 Apr 7;302(5908):547–548. doi: 10.1038/302547a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kuff E. L., Feenstra A., Lueders K., Smith L., Hawley R., Hozumi N., Shulman M. Intracisternal A-particle genes as movable elements in the mouse genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1992–1996. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kuff E. L., Smith L. A., Lueders K. K. Intracisternal A-particle genes in Mus musculus: a conserved family of retrovirus-like elements. Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Mar;1(3):216–227. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.3.216. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lueders K. K., Fewell J. W., Kuff E. L., Koch T. The long terminal repeat of an endogenous intracisternal A-particle gene functions as a promoter when introduced into eucaryotic cells by transfection. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):2128–2135. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.2128. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lueders K. K., Kuff E. L. Intracisternal A-particle genes: identification in the genome of Mus musculus and comparison of multiple isolates from a mouse gene library. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3571–3575. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3571. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lueders K. K., Kuff E. L. Sequences associated with intracisternal A particles are reiterated in the mouse genome. Cell. 1977 Dec;12(4):963–972. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90161-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McDonell M. W., Simon M. N., Studier F. W. Analysis of restriction fragments of T7 DNA and determination of molecular weights by electrophoresis in neutral and alkaline gels. J Mol Biol. 1977 Feb 15;110(1):119–146. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80102-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nordheim A., Rich A. Negatively supercoiled simian virus 40 DNA contains Z-DNA segments within transcriptional enhancer sequences. Nature. 1983 Jun 23;303(5919):674–679. doi: 10.1038/303674a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ono M., Cole M. D., White A. T., Huang R. C. Sequence organization of cloned intracisternal A particle genes. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):465–473. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90483-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ono M., Kitasato H., Ohishi H., Motobayashi-Nakajima Y. Molecular cloning and long terminal repeat sequences of intracisternal A-particle genes in Mus caroli. J Virol. 1984 May;50(2):352–358. doi: 10.1128/jvi.50.2.352-358.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Paterson B. M., Segal S., Lueders K. K., Kuff E. L. RNA associated with murine intracisternal type A particles codes for the main particle protein. J Virol. 1978 Jul;27(1):118–126. doi: 10.1128/jvi.27.1.118-126.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Perk K., Dahlberg J. E. Murine intracisternal A type particles fail to separate from the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Virol. 1974 Nov;14(5):1304–1306. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.5.1304-1306.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Pikó L., Hammons M. D., Taylor K. D. Amounts, synthesis, and some properties of intracisternal A particle-related RNA in early mouse embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):488–492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Proudfoot N. J., Brownlee G. G. Sequence at the 3' end of globin mRNA shows homology with immunoglobulin light chain mRNA. Nature. 1974 Nov 29;252(5482):359–362. doi: 10.1038/252359a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Roe B. A., Anandaraj M. P., Chia L. S., Randerath E., Gupta R. C., Randerath K. Sequence studies on tRNAPhe from placenta: comparison with known sequences of tRNAPhe from other normal mammalian tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Oct 27;66(4):1097–1105. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90470-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Shen-Ong G. L., Cole M. D. Differing populations of intracisternal A-particle genes in myeloma tumors and mouse subspecies. J Virol. 1982 May;42(2):411–421. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.2.411-421.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Temin H. M. Structure, variation and synthesis of retrovirus long terminal repeat. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):1–3. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90353-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Varmus H. E. Form and function of retroviral proviruses. Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):812–820. doi: 10.1126/science.6177038. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Vieira J., Messing J. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):259–268. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90015-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Weiher H., König M., Gruss P. Multiple point mutations affecting the simian virus 40 enhancer. Science. 1983 Feb 11;219(4585):626–631. doi: 10.1126/science.6297005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wilbur W. J., Lipman D. J. Rapid similarity searches of nucleic acid and protein data banks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Feb;80(3):726–730. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.3.726. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wivel N. A., Smith G. H. Distribution of intracisternal A-particles in a variety of normal and neoplastic mouse tissues. Int J Cancer. 1971 Jan 15;7(1):167–175. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910070119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES