Abstract
The primary structure and expression of the ColE2-P9 immunity gene (imm) were investigated. The imm gene is located behind the colicin gene (col) in the same orientation with an intergenic space of two base pairs. Although the imm gene was transcribed primarily in response to the SOS function of the host cell as well as the col gene, the immunity phenotype also appeared to be expressed by only a slight level of leaky transcription without an evident promoter. On comparing the ColE2-P9 sequence with those of relevant plasmids, a highly homologous sequence with the immE2 gene was found downstream of the immE3 gene of ColE3-CA38, and thus, an evolutional relationships could be deduced among some E-group Col plasmids.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bowman C. M., Dahlberg J. E., Ikemura T., Konisky J., Nomura M. Specific inactivation of 16S ribosomal RNA induced by colicin E3 in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 May;68(5):964–968. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.5.964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bowman C. M., Sidikaro J., Nomura M. Specific inactivation of ribosomes by colicin E3 in vitro and mechanism of immunity in colicinogenic cells. Nat New Biol. 1971 Dec 1;234(48):133–137. doi: 10.1038/newbio234133a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chak K. F., James R. Localization and characterization of a gene on the ColE3-CA38 plasmid that confers immunity to colicin E8. J Gen Microbiol. 1984 Mar;130(3):701–710. doi: 10.1099/00221287-130-3-701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Close T. J., Rodriguez R. L. Construction and characterization of the chloramphenicol-resistance gene cartridge: a new approach to the transcriptional mapping of extrachromosomal elements. Gene. 1982 Dec;20(2):305–316. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90048-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooper P. C., James R. Two new E colicins, E8 and E9, produced by a strain of Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol. 1984 Jan;130(1):209–215. doi: 10.1099/00221287-130-1-209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ebina Y., Kishi F., Nakazawa A. Direct participation of lexA protein in repression of colicin E1 synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jun;150(3):1479–1481. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.3.1479-1481.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hakkaart M. J., Veltkamp E., Nijkamp H. J. Protein H encoded by plasmid Clo DF13 involved in lysis of the bacterial host. I. Localisation of the gene and identification and subcellular localisation of the gene H product. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;183(2):318–325. doi: 10.1007/BF00270635. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hakkaart M. J., Veltkamp E., Nijkamp H. J. Protein H encoded by plasmid Clo DF13 involved in lysis of the bacterial host. II. Functions and regulation of synthesis of the gene H product. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;183(2):326–332. doi: 10.1007/BF00270636. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helinski D. R., Herschman H. R. Effect of Rec mutations on the activity of colicinogenic factors. J Bacteriol. 1967 Sep;94(3):700–706. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.3.700-706.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Herschman H. R., Helinski D. R. Purification and characterization of colicin E2 and colicin E3. J Biol Chem. 1967 Nov 25;242(22):5360–5368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inselburg J. Colicin factor DNA: a single non-homologous region in Col E2-E3 heteroduplex molecules. Nat New Biol. 1973 Feb 21;241(112):234–237. doi: 10.1038/newbio241234a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inselburg J., Johns V. Mapping of colicin E2 and colicin E3 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid EcoR-1-sensitive sites. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jan;121(1):381–389. doi: 10.1128/jb.121.1.381-389.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jakes K. S., Zinder N. D. Plasmid ColE3 specifies a lysis protein. J Bacteriol. 1984 Feb;157(2):582–590. doi: 10.1128/jb.157.2.582-590.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jakes K., Zinder N. D., Boon T. Purification and properties of colicin E3 immunity protein. J Biol Chem. 1974 Jan 25;249(2):438–444. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lau P. C., Rowsome R. W., Zuker M., Visentin L. P. Comparative nucleotide sequences encoding the immunity proteins and the carboxyl-terminal peptides of colicins E2 and E3. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Nov 26;12(22):8733–8745. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.22.8733. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Males B. M., Stocker B. A. Colicins E4, E5, E6 and A and properties of btuB+ colicinogenic transconjugants. J Gen Microbiol. 1982 Jan;128(1):95–106. doi: 10.1099/00221287-128-1-95. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mark G., Lawrence P., James R. Characterisation of the ColE8 plasmid, a new member of the group E colicin plasmids. Gene. 1984 Jul-Aug;29(1-2):145–155. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90175-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Masaki H., Ohta T. A plasmid region encoding the active fragment and the inhibitor protein of colicin E3--CA38. FEBS Lett. 1982 Nov 22;149(1):129–132. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81087-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mock M., Pugsley A. P. The BtuB group col plasmids and homology between the colicins they encode. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jun;150(3):1069–1076. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.3.1069-1076.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mock M., Schwartz M. Mechanism of colicin E3 production in strains harboring wild-type or mutant plasmids. J Bacteriol. 1978 Nov;136(2):700–707. doi: 10.1128/jb.136.2.700-707.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- OZEKI H., STOCKER B. A., DE MARGERIE H. Production of colicine by single bacteria. Nature. 1959 Aug 1;184:337–339. doi: 10.1038/184337a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ohno-Iwashita Y., Imahori K. Assignment of the functional loci in colicin E2 and E3 molecules by the characterization of their proteolytic fragments. Biochemistry. 1980 Feb 19;19(4):652–659. doi: 10.1021/bi00545a008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ohno-Iwashita Y., Imahori K. Comparative studies on the structures of colicins E2 and E3. FEBS Lett. 1979 Apr 15;100(2):249–252. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80344-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oudega B., Stegehuis F., van Tiel-Menkveld G. J., de Graaf F. K. Protein H encoded by plasmid CloDF13 is involved in excretion of cloacin DF13. J Bacteriol. 1982 Jun;150(3):1115–1121. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.3.1115-1121.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pugsley A. P., Schwartz M. A genetic approach to the study of mitomycin-induced lysis of Escherichia coli K-12 strains which produce colicin E2. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;190(3):366–372. doi: 10.1007/BF00331060. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pugsley A. P., Schwartz M. Colicin E2 release: lysis, leakage or secretion? Possible role of a phospholipase. EMBO J. 1984 Oct;3(10):2393–2397. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02145.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schaller K., Nomura M. Colicin E2 is DNA endonuclease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Nov;73(11):3989–3993. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Senior B. W., Holland I. B. Effect of colicin E3 upon the 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 May;68(5):959–963. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.5.959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shine J., Dalgarno L. The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1342–1346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Soberon X., Covarrubias L., Bolivar F. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. IV. Deletion derivatives of pBR322 and pBR325. Gene. 1980 May;9(3-4):287–305. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90328-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tieze G. A., Stouthamer A. H., Jansz H. S., Zandberg J., van Bruggen E. F. A bacteriocinogenic factor of Enterobacter cloacae. Mol Gen Genet. 1969;106(1):48–65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tyler J., Sherratt D. J. Synthesis of E colicins in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1975 Oct 22;140(4):349–353. doi: 10.1007/BF00267325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson R. J., Lau P. C., Vernet T., Visentin L. P. Characterization and nucleotide sequence of a colicin-release gene in the hic region of plasmid ColE3-CA38. Gene. 1984 Jul-Aug;29(1-2):175–184. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90178-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson R. J., Visentin L. P. Cloning of the ColE3-CA38 colicin and immunity genes and identification of a plasmid region which enhances colicin production. Gene. 1982 Sep;19(2):191–200. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90006-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson R., Konarska-Kozlowska M., Iyer V. N., Yaguchi M., Visentin L. P. Comparison of plasmids Co1E2-P9 and Co1E2-CA42 and their immunity proteins. J Bacteriol. 1983 Mar;153(3):1552–1557. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.3.1552-1557.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson R., Rowsome W., Tsao J., Visentin L. P. Identification and characterization of Col plasmids from classical colicin E-producing strains. J Bacteriol. 1981 Aug;147(2):569–577. doi: 10.1128/jb.147.2.569-577.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson R., Visentin L. P. Restriction endonuclease mapping of ColE2-P9 and ColE3-CA38 plasmids. Gene. 1980 Sep;10(4):307–318. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90151-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yamamoto H., Nishida K. I., Beppu T., Arima K. Tryptic digestion of colicin E2 and its active fragment. J Biochem. 1978 Mar;83(3):827–834. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131979. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van den Elzen P. J., Walters H. H., Veltkamp E., Nijkamp H. J. Molecular structure and function of the bacteriocin gene and bacteriocin protein of plasmid Clo DF13. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 25;11(8):2465–2477. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.8.2465. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]