Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1985 Mar 25;13(6):1817–1828. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.6.1817

Complete nucleotide sequence of mRNA for caerulein precursor from Xenopus skin: the mRNA contains an unusual repetitive structure.

T Wakabayashi, H Kato, S Tachibana
PMCID: PMC341118  PMID: 4000945

Abstract

The complete nucleotide sequence of mRNA for caerulein precursor in the skin of Xenopus laevis was determined. The sequence was composed of 705 bp of coding region, accounting for 234 amino acids, 58 bp of 5'-untranslated region and 158 bp of 3'-untranslated region containing two putative poly(A) signals. It coded for four caerulein peptides interspersed with three 147 bp segments (intercaerulein segment; ICS). Analyses of several caerulein encoding cDNAs revealed some interesting features of caerulein mRNA species, which were highly heterogeneous and consisted of a repetition of two fundamental RNA sequences, a 45-nucleotide caerulein fragment and a 147-nucleotide ICS. The result of Northern blotting indicated that caerulein mRNA was only present in frog skin, not in stomach, upper intestine or liver. It appears that caerulein has different physiological function(s) from mammalian gastrin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK). The relationship of caerulein to mammalian gastrointestinal hormones is discussed.

Full text

PDF
1817

Images in this article

1823Image
on p.1823

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Amara S. G., Jonas V., Rosenfeld M. G., Ong E. S., Evans R. M. Alternative RNA processing in calcitonin gene expression generates mRNAs encoding different polypeptide products. Nature. 1982 Jul 15;298(5871):240–244. doi: 10.1038/298240a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Birnstiel M., Speirs J., Purdom I., Jones K., Loening U. E. Properties and composition of the isolated ribosomal DNA satellite of Xenopus laevis. Nature. 1968 Aug 3;219(5153):454–463. doi: 10.1038/219454a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Deschenes R. J., Lorenz L. J., Haun R. S., Roos B. A., Collier K. J., Dixon J. E. Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding rat preprocholecystokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):726–730. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.726. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dobner P. R., Kawasaki E. S., Yu L. Y., Bancroft F. C. Thyroid or glucocorticoid hormone induces pre-growth-hormone mRNA and its probable nuclear precursor in rat pituitary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2230–2234. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2230. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Duckworth M. L., Gait M. J., Goelet P., Hong G. F., Singh M., Titmas R. C. Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides VI. Efficient, mechanised synthesis of heptadecadeoxyribonucleotides by an improved solid phase phosphotriester route. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Apr 10;9(7):1691–1706. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.7.1691. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Erspamer V., Roseghini M., Endean R., Anastasi A. Biogenic amines and active polypeptides in the skin of Australian amphibians. Nature. 1966 Oct 8;212(5058):204–204. doi: 10.1038/212204a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gubler U., Chua A. O., Hoffman B. J., Collier K. J., Eng J. Cloned cDNA to cholecystokinin mRNA predicts an identical preprocholecystokinin in pig brain and gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4307–4310. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hoffmann W., Bach T. C., Seliger H., Kreil G. Biosynthesis of caerulein in the skin of Xenopus laevis: partial sequences of precursors as deduced from cDNA clones. EMBO J. 1983;2(1):111–114. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01390.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kakidani H., Furutani Y., Takahashi H., Noda M., Morimoto Y., Hirose T., Asai M., Inayama S., Nakanishi S., Numa S. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for porcine beta-neo-endorphin/dynorphin precursor. Nature. 1982 Jul 15;298(5871):245–249. doi: 10.1038/298245a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kato K., Himeno S., Takahashi Y., Wakabayashi T., Tarui S., Matsubara K. Molecular cloning of human gastrin precursor cDNA. Gene. 1983 Dec;26(1):53–57. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90035-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kornblihtt A. R., Vibe-Pedersen K., Baralle F. E. Human fibronectin: cell specific alternative mRNA splicing generates polypeptide chains differing in the number of internal repeats. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5853–5868. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.14.5853. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kurjan J., Herskowitz I. Structure of a yeast pheromone gene (MF alpha): a putative alpha-factor precursor contains four tandem copies of mature alpha-factor. Cell. 1982 Oct;30(3):933–943. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90298-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kuwano R., Araki K., Usui H., Fukui T., Ohtsuka E., Ikehara M., Takahashi Y. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA coding for rat brain cholecystokinin precursor. J Biochem. 1984 Sep;96(3):923–926. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a134911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Land H., Grez M., Hauser H., Lindenmaier W., Schütz G. 5'-Terminal sequences of eucaryotic mRNA can be cloned with high efficiency. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 May 25;9(10):2251–2266. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.10.2251. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Larsson L. I., Rehfeld J. F. Evidence for a common evolutionary origin of gastrin and cholecystokinin. Nature. 1977 Sep 22;269(5626):335–338. doi: 10.1038/269335a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Montecucchi P. C., de Castiglione R., Erspamer V. Identification of dermorphin and Hyp6-dermorphin in skin extracts of the Brazilian frog Phyllomedusa rhodei. Int J Pept Protein Res. 1981 Mar;17(3):316–321. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb01997.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nawa H., Hirose T., Takashima H., Inayama S., Nakanishi S. Nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNAs for two types of bovine brain substance P precursor. Nature. 1983 Nov 3;306(5938):32–36. doi: 10.1038/306032a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Negri L., Erspamer V. Action of caerulein and caerulein-like peptides on "short-circuit current" and acid secretion in the isolated gastric mucosa of amphibians. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1973;277(4):401–412. doi: 10.1007/BF00500999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Noda M., Furutani Y., Takahashi H., Toyosato M., Hirose T., Inayama S., Nakanishi S., Numa S. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine adrenal preproenkephalin. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):202–206. doi: 10.1038/295202a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Perlman D., Halvorson H. O. A putative signal peptidase recognition site and sequence in eukaryotic and prokaryotic signal peptides. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 25;167(2):391–409. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80341-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Proudfoot N. J., Brownlee G. G. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211–214. doi: 10.1038/263211a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Richter K., Kawashima E., Egger R., Kreil G. Biosynthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone in the skin of Xenopus laevis: partial sequence of the precursor deduced from cloned cDNA. EMBO J. 1984 Mar;3(3):617–621. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01857.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Setzer D. R., McGrogan M., Schimke R. T. Nucleotide sequence surrounding multiple polyadenylation sites in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1982 May 10;257(9):5143–5147. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Steiner D. F., Quinn P. S., Chan S. J., Marsh J., Tager H. S. Processing mechanisms in the biosynthesis of proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;343:1–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb47238.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sures I., Crippa M. Xenopsin: the neurotensin-like octapeptide from Xenopus skin at the carboxyl terminus of its precursor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):380–384. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.380. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Taniguchi T., Matsui H., Fujita T., Takaoka C., Kashima N., Yoshimoto R., Hamuro J. Structure and expression of a cloned cDNA for human interleukin-2. Nature. 1983 Mar 24;302(5906):305–310. doi: 10.1038/302305a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Thomas P. S. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5201–5205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Tosi M., Young R. A., Hagenbüchle O., Schibler U. Multiple polyadenylation sites in a mouse alpha-amylase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 May 25;9(10):2313–2323. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.10.2313. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wakabayashi T., Kato H., Tachibana S. An unusual repetitive structure of caerulein mRNA from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Gene. 1984 Nov;31(1-3):295–299. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90225-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wakabayashi T., Tachibana S. Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides by using N-methylimidazole as a condensation catalyst. Syntheses of dodecanucleotides corresponding to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid of the tetrapeptide fragments of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1982 Nov;30(11):3951–3958. doi: 10.1248/cpb.30.3951. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wallace R. B., Johnson M. J., Hirose T., Miyake T., Kawashima E. H., Itakura K. The use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. II. Hybridization of oligonucleotides of mixed sequence to rabbit beta-globin DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Feb 25;9(4):879–894. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.4.879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yoo O. J., Powell C. T., Agarwal K. L. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of full-length of cDNA coding for porcine gastrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1049–1053. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1049. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES