Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1985 Jun 11;13(11):3905–3916. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.11.3905

Conservation and variability of wheat alpha/beta-gliadin genes.

M Sumner-Smith, J A Rafalski, T Sugiyama, M Stoll, D Söll
PMCID: PMC341285  PMID: 3839304

Abstract

We have sequenced two genomic clones for wheat alpha/beta-gliadin storage protein genes. Comparison with a known sequence reveals close homology between the three and confirms the previously suspected evolutionary relatedness of members of this gliadin family. The coding region can be divided into six domains. Two unusual structures were found within this region: (i) The P-boxes which are composed of 12 codons, six of which are for proline, that are tandemly repeated four or five times; and (ii) Two polyglutamine stretches which consist of 18-22 tandemly repeated glutamine codons in one case, and 7-28 in the second. Analysis of the P-box structures revealed that certain mutations were probably present in the hypothetical ancestral alpha/beta-gliadin gene prior to gene multiplication. None of the genes have introns. All of the genes appear to contain typical eukaryotic promoters and also possess the double polyadenylation signal of plants.

Full text

PDF
3905

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Argos P., Pedersen K., Marks M. D., Larkins B. A. A structural model for maize zein proteins. J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 10;257(17):9984–9990. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bolivar F. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. III. Derivatives of plasmid pBR322 carrying unique Eco RI sites for selection of Eco RI generated recombinant DNA molecules. Gene. 1978 Oct;4(2):121–136. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(78)90025-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown J. W., Kemble R. J., Law C. N., Flavell R. B. Control of Endosperm Proteins in TRITICUM AESTIVUM (Var. Chinese Spring) and AEGILOPS UMBELLULATA by Homoeologous Group 1 Chromosomes. Genetics. 1979 Sep;93(1):189–200. doi: 10.1093/genetics/93.1.189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Davidson E. H., Jacobs H. T., Britten R. J. Very short repeats and coordinate induction of genes. Nature. 1983 Feb 10;301(5900):468–470. doi: 10.1038/301468a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Forde B. G., Kreis M., Bahramian M. B., Matthews J. A., Miflin B. J., Thompson R. D., Bartels D., Flavell R. B. Molecular cloning and analysis of cDNA sequences derived from poly A+ RNA from barley endosperm: identification of B hordein related clones. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 21;9(24):6689–6707. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.24.6689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Geraghty D., Peifer M. A., Rubenstein I., Messing J. The primary structure of a plant storage protein: zein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 10;9(19):5163–5174. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.19.5163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gruenbaum Y., Naveh-Many T., Cedar H., Razin A. Sequence specificity of methylation in higher plant DNA. Nature. 1981 Aug 27;292(5826):860–862. doi: 10.1038/292860a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Guo L. H., Yang R. C., Wu R. An improved strategy for rapid direct sequencing of both strands of long DNA molecules cloned in a plasmid. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Aug 25;11(16):5521–5540. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.16.5521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hanahan D. Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557–580. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80284-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kasarda D. D., Bernardin J. E., Qualset C. O. Relationship of gliadin protein components to chromosomes in hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum L.). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3646–3650. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3646. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kasarda D. D., Da Roza D. A., Ohms J. I. N-terminal sequence of alpha2-gliadin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1974 Jun 7;351(2):290–294. doi: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90190-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kasarda D. D., Okita T. W., Bernardin J. E., Baecker P. A., Nimmo C. C., Lew E. J., Dietler M. D., Greene F. C. Nucleic acid (cDNA) and amino acid sequences of alpha-type gliadins from wheat (Triticum aestivum). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4712–4716. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4712. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Larson R., Messing J. Apple II software for M13 shotgun DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 11;10(1):39–49. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.1.39. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lindahl T., Nyberg B. Heat-induced deamination of cytosine residues in deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1974 Jul 30;13(16):3405–3410. doi: 10.1021/bi00713a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mulvihill E. R., LePennec J. P., Chambon P. Chicken oviduct progesterone receptor: location of specific regions of high-affinity binding in cloned DNA fragments of hormone-responsive genes. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):621–632. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90217-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pedersen K., Devereux J., Wilson D. R., Sheldon E., Larkins B. A. Cloning and sequence analysis reveal structural variation among related zein genes in maize. Cell. 1982 Jul;29(3):1015–1026. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90465-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Poncz M., Solowiejczyk D., Ballantine M., Schwartz E., Surrey S. "Nonrandom" DNA sequence analysis in bacteriophage M13 by the dideoxy chain-termination method. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jul;79(14):4298–4302. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.14.4298. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rafalski J. A., Scheets K., Metzler M., Peterson D. M., Hedgcoth C., Söll D. G. Developmentally regulated plant genes: the nucleotide sequence of a wheat gliadin genomic clone. EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1409–1415. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01985.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sege R., Söll D., Ruddle F. H., Queen C. A conversational system for the computer analysis of nucleic acid sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):437–444. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. WOYCHIK J. H., BOUNDY J. A., DIMLER R. J. Starch gel electrophoresis of wheat gluten proteins with concentrated urea. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1961 Sep;94:477–482. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90075-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Weaver R. F., Weissmann C. Mapping of RNA by a modification of the Berk-Sharp procedure: the 5' termini of 15 S beta-globin mRNA precursor and mature 10 s beta-globin mRNA have identical map coordinates. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 10;7(5):1175–1193. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.5.1175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wrigley C. W., Shepherd K. W. Electrofocusing of grain proteins from wheat genotypes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1973 Jun 15;209:154–162. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb47526.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES